Department of Special Didactics, Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences, University of Vigo.
Department of Law, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia.
Psychol Bull. 2021 Dec;147(12):1290-1308. doi: 10.1037/bul0000355.
Cognition plays a key role in sports performance. This meta-analytic review synthesizes research that examined the relationship between cognitive functions, skills, and sports performance. We identified literature by searching Cochrane Library, APA PsycINFO, PubMed, and Web of Science. We included studies conducted on competitive athletes, assessed cognitive prerequisites, and included performance measures related to the sport. Of the 9,433 screened records, 136 reports were included, containing 142 studies, 1,227 effect sizes, and 8,860 participants. Only 11 studies used a prospective study design. The risk of bias was assessed using the Risk of Bias Assessment Tool for Nonrandomized Studies. The multilevel meta-analysis showed a medium effect size for the overall difference in cognitive functions and skills, with higher skilled athletes scoring better than lower skilled athletes (Hedges' g = 0.59, 95% CI [0.49, 0.69]). The moderator analysis showed larger effect size for tests of cognitive decision-making skills (g = 0.77, 95% CI [0.6, 0.94]) compared to basic (g = 0.39, 95% CI [0.21, 0.56]) and higher cognitive functions (g = 0.44, 95% CI [0.26, 0.62]), as well as larger effect for sport-specific task stimuli compared to general ones. We report that higher skilled athletes perform better on cognitive function tests than lower skilled athletes. There was insufficient evidence to determine whether cognitive functions and skills can predict future sport performance. We found no evidence to support claims that tests of general cognitive functions, such as executive functioning, should be used by practitioners for talent identification or player selection. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
认知在运动表现中起着关键作用。本元分析综述综合了研究认知功能、技能与运动表现之间关系的研究。我们通过搜索 Cochrane 图书馆、APA PsycINFO、PubMed 和 Web of Science 来确定文献。我们纳入了针对竞技运动员进行的研究，评估了认知先决条件，并纳入了与运动相关的表现测量。在筛选出的 9433 条记录中，有 136 份报告被纳入，其中包含 142 项研究、1227 个效应量和 8860 名参与者。只有 11 项研究采用了前瞻性研究设计。使用非随机研究风险偏倚评估工具评估了偏倚风险。多层次元分析显示，认知功能和技能的总体差异存在中等效应量，技能较高的运动员比技能较低的运动员表现更好（Hedges' g = 0.59，95%CI [0.49, 0.69]）。对认知决策技能测试的调节分析显示，与基本认知功能（g = 0.39，95%CI [0.21, 0.56]）和较高认知功能（g = 0.44，95%CI [0.26, 0.62]）相比，认知决策技能测试的效应量更大，与一般任务刺激相比，特定运动任务刺激的效应量更大。我们报告称，技能较高的运动员在认知功能测试中的表现优于技能较低的运动员。目前还没有足够的证据来确定认知功能和技能是否可以预测未来的运动表现。我们没有发现证据支持这样的说法，即一般认知功能测试，如执行功能，应该被从业者用于人才选拔或球员选择。（PsycInfo 数据库记录（c）2022 APA，保留所有权利）。
