Cambra-López María, Marín-García Pablo Jesús, Lledó Clara, Cerisuelo Alba, Pascual Juan José
Institute for Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
Departamento Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46113 Valencia, Spain.
Animals (Basel). 2022 Apr 6;12(7):935. doi: 10.3390/ani12070935.
Precision nutrition in broilers requires tools capable of identifying amino acid imbalances individually or in groups, as well as knowledge on how more digestible proteins can be designed for innovative feeding programs adjusted to animals' dynamic requirements. This work proposes two potential tools, combining traditional nutrition with biotechnological, metabolomic, computational and protein engineering knowledge, which can contribute to improving the precise amino acid nutrition of broilers in the future: (i) the use of serum uric nitrogen content as a rapid biomarker of amino acid imbalances, and (ii) the design and modeling of proteins that are fully digestible and fit exactly to the animal's requirements. Each application is illustrated with a case study. Case study 1 demonstrates that serum uric nitrogen can be a useful rapid indicator of individual or group amino acid deficiencies or imbalances when reducing dietary protein and adjusting the valine and arginine to lysine ratios in broilers. Case study 2 describes a stepwise approach to design an ideal protein, resulting in a potential amino acid sequence and structure prototype that is ideally adjusted to the requirements of the targeted animal, and is theoretically completely digestible. Both tools can open up new opportunities to form an integrated framework for precise amino acid nutrition in broilers, helping us to achieve more efficient, resilient, and sustainable production. This information can help to determine the exact ratio of amino acids that will improve the efficiency of the use of nitrogen by poultry.
肉鸡的精准营养需要能够识别单个或成组氨基酸失衡的工具，以及有关如何设计更易消化的蛋白质以制定适应动物动态需求的创新饲养方案的知识。这项工作提出了两种潜在工具，将传统营养与生物技术、代谢组学、计算和蛋白质工程知识相结合，有望在未来改善肉鸡的精准氨基酸营养：（i）将血清尿酸氮含量用作氨基酸失衡的快速生物标志物，以及（ii）设计和建模完全可消化且完全符合动物需求的蛋白质。每个应用都通过一个案例研究进行说明。案例研究1表明，在降低肉鸡日粮蛋白质并调整缬氨酸和精氨酸与赖氨酸的比例时，血清尿酸氮可以作为个体或群体氨基酸缺乏或失衡的有用快速指标。案例研究2描述了一种设计理想蛋白质的逐步方法，得出了一个潜在的氨基酸序列和结构原型，该原型理想地适应了目标动物的需求，并且理论上完全可消化。这两种工具都可以为构建肉鸡精准氨基酸营养的综合框架带来新机遇，帮助我们实现更高效、更具韧性和可持续的生产。这些信息有助于确定能提高家禽氮利用效率的精确氨基酸比例。
