Sakib Aan Nazmus, Drieberg Micheal, Sarang Sohail, Aziz Azrina Abd, Hang Nguyen Thi Thu, Stojanović Goran M
Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia.
Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 6, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
Sensors (Basel). 2022 Mar 29;22(7):2598. doi: 10.3390/s22072598.
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have received considerable interest in recent years. These sensor nodes can gather information from the surrounding environment and transmit it to a designated location. Each sensor node in WSN typically has a battery with a limited capacity. Due to their large number and because of various environmental challenges, it is sometimes hard to replace this finite battery. As a result, energy-efficient communication is seen as a critical aspect in extending the lifespan of a sensor node. On the other hand, some applications that require large coverage and generate various sorts of data packets require multi-hop routing and quality of service (QoS) features. Therefore, in order to avoid network failure, these applications need an energy-efficient QoS MAC protocol that can support multiple levels of data packet priority and multi-hop routing features while focusing on energy conservation. An energy-aware QoS MAC protocol based on Prioritized Data and Multi-hop routing (EQPD-MAC) is proposed in this article. The EQPD-MAC protocol offers a simple yet effective cross-layer communication method. It provides timely delivery of multi-priority packets, uses an adaptive active time to limit idle listening, and integrates a robust routing protocol. Finally, the EQPD-MAC protocol's performance was evaluated and compared to three other well-known QoS MAC protocols. The simulation findings show that the proposed protocol significantly decreases sensor node energy consumption by up to 30.3%, per-bit energy consumption by up to 29.6%, sink node energy consumption by up to 27.4% and increases throughput by up to 23.3%.
近年来，无线传感器网络（WSNs）受到了广泛关注。这些传感器节点能够从周围环境收集信息并将其传输到指定位置。无线传感器网络中的每个传感器节点通常都配备有容量有限的电池。由于其数量众多以及各种环境挑战，有时很难更换这种有限的电池。因此，节能通信被视为延长传感器节点寿命的关键因素。另一方面，一些需要大覆盖范围并生成各种数据包的应用需要多跳路由和服务质量（QoS）功能。因此，为了避免网络故障，这些应用需要一种节能的QoS MAC协议，该协议能够支持多个级别的数据包优先级和多跳路由功能，同时注重节能。本文提出了一种基于优先级数据和多跳路由的能量感知QoS MAC协议（EQPD-MAC）。EQPD-MAC协议提供了一种简单而有效的跨层通信方法。它能够及时传递多优先级数据包，使用自适应活跃时间来限制空闲监听，并集成了一种健壮的路由协议。最后，对EQPD-MAC协议的性能进行了评估，并与其他三种著名的QoS MAC协议进行了比较。仿真结果表明，所提出的协议可显著降低传感器节点能耗达30.3%，每比特能耗达29.6%，汇聚节点能耗达27.4%，并将吞吐量提高达23.3%。
