Dipartimento STEBICEF, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
Molecules. 2022 Mar 29;27(7):2210. doi: 10.3390/molecules27072210.
Obtaining industrially relevant products from abundant, cheap, renewable, and low-impacting sources such as lignocellulosic biomass, is a key step in reducing consumption of raw fossil materials and, consequently, the environmental footprint of such processes. In this regard, a molecule that is similar to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) plays a pivotal role, since it can be produced from lignocellulosic biomass and gives synthetic access to a broad range of industrially important products and polymers. Recently, ionic liquids (ILs) have emerged as suitable solvents for the conversion of biomass and carbohydrates into 5-HMF. Herein, we provide a bird's-eye view on recent achievements about the use of ILs for the obtainment of 5-HMF, covering works that were published over the last five years. In particular, we first examine reactions involving homogeneous catalysis as well as task-specific ionic liquids. Then, an overview of the literature addressing the use of heterogeneous catalysts, including enzymes, is presented. Whenever possible, the role of ILs and catalysts driving the formation of 5-HMF is discussed, also comparing with the same reactions that are performed in conventional solvents.
从丰富、廉价、可再生且影响较小的资源（如木质纤维素生物质）中获得具有工业应用价值的产品是减少对原始化石材料消耗的关键步骤，从而降低此类工艺的环境足迹。在这方面，一种类似于 5-羟甲基糠醛（5-HMF）的分子起着关键作用，因为它可以从木质纤维素生物质中生产，并为广泛的工业重要产品和聚合物提供合成途径。最近，离子液体（ILs）已成为将生物质和碳水化合物转化为 5-HMF 的合适溶剂。在此，我们对近年来使用 ILs 获得 5-HMF 的最新成果进行了综述，涵盖了过去五年发表的工作。特别地，我们首先考察了涉及均相催化和特定功能离子液体的反应。然后，综述了涉及酶等多相催化剂的文献。在可能的情况下，我们讨论了离子液体和催化剂在形成 5-HMF 中的作用，并与在常规溶剂中进行的相同反应进行了比较。
