Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Mar 25;23(7):3572. doi: 10.3390/ijms23073572.
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades play crucial roles in almost all biological processes in plants. They transduce extracellular cues into cells, typically through linear and sequential phosphorylation and activation of members of the signaling cascades. However, accumulating data suggest various regulatory mechanisms of plant MAPK cascades in addition to the traditional phosphorylation pathway, in concert with their large numbers and coordinated roles in plant responses to complex ectocytic signals. Here, we highlight recent studies that describe the uncanonical mechanism of regulation of MAPK cascades, regarding the activation of each tier of the signaling cascades. More particularly, we discuss the unusual role for MAPK kinase kinases (MAPKKKs) in the regulation of MAPK cascades, as accumulating data suggest the non-MAPKKK function of many MAPKKKs. In addition, future work on the biochemical activation of MAPK members that needs attention will be discussed.
丝裂原活化蛋白激酶 (MAPK) 级联在植物的几乎所有生物学过程中都起着至关重要的作用。它们通过线性和顺序磷酸化以及信号级联成员的激活将细胞外信号转导到细胞内。然而，越来越多的数据表明，植物 MAPK 级联的各种调节机制除了传统的磷酸化途径外，还与它们在植物对复杂胞外信号的反应中的大量协调作用有关。在这里，我们强调了最近的研究，这些研究描述了 MAPK 级联调节的非规范机制，涉及到信号级联的每一层的激活。更具体地说，我们讨论了 MAPK 激酶激酶 (MAPKKK) 在 MAPK 级联调节中的不寻常作用，因为越来越多的数据表明许多 MAPKKK 具有非 MAPKKK 功能。此外，还将讨论需要注意的关于 MAPK 成员生化激活的未来工作。
