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绿藻中 MAPK 级联的鉴定及其与氮代谢的关系

Identification of the MAPK Cascade and its Relationship with Nitrogen Metabolism in the Green Alga .

机构信息

Departamento. de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus de Rabanales y Campus Internacional de Excelencia Agroalimentario (CeiA3), Edificio Severo Ochoa, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.

出版信息

Int J Mol Sci. 2020 May 12;21(10):3417. doi: 10.3390/ijms21103417.

DOI:10.3390/ijms21103417
PMID:32408549
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7279229/
Abstract

The mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) form part of a signaling cascade through phosphorylation reactions conserved in all eukaryotic organisms. The MAPK cascades are mainly composed by three proteins, MAPKKKs, MAPKKs and MAPKs. Some signals induce MAPKKK-mediated phosphorylation and activation of MAPKK that phosphorylate and activate MAPK. Afterward, MAPKs can act either in the cytoplasm or be imported into the nucleus to activate other proteins or transcription factors. In the green microalga the pathway for nitrogen (N) assimilation is well characterized, yet its regulation still has many unknown features. Nitric oxide (NO) is a fundamental signal molecule for N regulation, where nitrate reductase (NR) plays a central role in its synthesis. The MAPK cascades could be regulating N assimilation, since it has been described that the phosphorylation of NR by MAPK6 promotes NO production in . We have identified the proteins involved in the MAPK cascades in , finding 17 MAPKs, 2 MAPKKs and 108 MAPKKKs (11 MEKK-, 94 RAF- and 3 ZIK-type) that have been structurally and phylogenetically characterized. The genetic expressions of MAPKs and the MAPKK were slightly regulated by N. However, the genetic expressions of MAPKKKs RAF14 and RAF79 showed a very strong repression by ammonium, which suggests that they may have a key role in the regulation of N assimilation, encouraging to further analyze in detail the role of MAPK cascades in the regulation of N metabolism.

摘要

丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPKs）通过在所有真核生物中保守的磷酸化反应形成信号级联的一部分。MAPK 级联主要由三种蛋白质组成，MAPKKKs、MAPKK 和 MAPKs。一些信号诱导 MAPKKK 介导的磷酸化和 MAPKK 的磷酸化和激活，MAPKK 磷酸化和激活 MAPK。之后，MAPKs 可以在细胞质中发挥作用，也可以被导入细胞核，以激活其他蛋白质或转录因子。在绿藻中，氮（N）同化途径得到了很好的描述，但它的调控仍有许多未知特征。一氧化氮（NO）是 N 调控的基本信号分子，其中硝酸还原酶（NR）在其合成中起着核心作用。MAPK 级联可能调节 N 的同化，因为已经描述了 MAPK6 通过磷酸化 NR 来促进 中 NO 的产生。我们已经在 中鉴定了 MAPK 级联涉及的蛋白质，发现了 17 种 MAPKs、2 种 MAPKK 和 108 种 MAPKKKs（11 种 MEKK-、94 种 RAF-和 3 种 ZIK 型），它们在结构和系统发育上都得到了很好的描述。MAPKs 和 MAPKK 的基因表达受到 N 的轻微调控。然而，MAPKKKs RAF14 和 RAF79 的基因表达受到铵的强烈抑制，这表明它们可能在 N 同化的调控中起关键作用，这鼓励我们进一步详细分析 MAPK 级联在 N 代谢调控中的作用。

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