Departamento de Farmacología, Instituto de Investigación Hospital La Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Mar 25;23(7):3592. doi: 10.3390/ijms23073592.
Vascular remodeling is a typical feature of vascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, aneurysms or restenosis. Excessive inflammation is a key mechanism underlying vascular remodeling via the modulation of vascular fibrosis, phenotype and function. Recent evidence suggests that not only augmented inflammation but unresolved inflammation might also contribute to different aspects of vascular diseases. Resolution of inflammation is mediated by a family of specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) that limit immune cell infiltration and initiate tissue repair mechanisms. SPMs (lipoxins, resolvins, protectins, maresins) are generated from essential polyunsaturated fatty acids. Synthases and receptors for SPMs were initially described in immune cells, but they are also present in endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), where they regulate processes important for vascular physiology, such as EC activation and VSMC phenotype. Evidence from genetic models targeting SPM pathways and pharmacological supplementation with SPMs have demonstrated that these mediators may play a protective role against the development of vascular remodeling in atherosclerosis, aneurysms and restenosis. This review focuses on the latest advances in understanding the role of SPMs in vascular cells and their therapeutic effects in the vascular remodeling associated with different cardiovascular diseases.
血管重构是血管疾病（如动脉粥样硬化、动脉瘤或再狭窄）的典型特征。过度炎症是通过调节血管纤维化、表型和功能导致血管重构的关键机制。最近的证据表明，不仅增强的炎症，而且未解决的炎症也可能导致血管疾病的不同方面。炎症的解决是由一组专门的促解决介质（SPM）介导的，这些介质限制免疫细胞浸润并启动组织修复机制。SPM（脂氧素、解析素、保护素、maresin）是由必需的多不饱和脂肪酸生成的。SPM 的合成酶和受体最初在免疫细胞中描述，但它们也存在于内皮细胞（EC）和血管平滑肌细胞（VSMC）中，在那里它们调节对血管生理学很重要的过程，如 EC 激活和 VSMC 表型。针对 SPM 途径的遗传模型和 SPM 药理学补充的证据表明，这些介质可能在动脉粥样硬化、动脉瘤和再狭窄相关的血管重构的发展中发挥保护作用。本文综述了 SPM 在血管细胞中的作用及其在与不同心血管疾病相关的血管重构中的治疗效果的最新进展。
