Zhang Pengfei, Yu Hu, Shen Mingzhe, Guo Wei
Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
School of Economic and Management, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Mar 22;19(7):3755. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19073755.
Tourism development efficiency is one of the key scales to measure the development quality of tourism destination. This study improves the existing input-output index system of tourism efficiency evaluation; knowledge innovation is introduced into the input index, and environmental health pressure is introduced into the output index. Based on the case of Hainan Island, we used the EBM model compatible with radial and non-radial data to evaluate the tourism development efficiency. In order to make up the deficiency of spatial effect analysis based on the geographical distance weight matrix, the spatial spillover effect of tourism development in Hainan Island was analyzed based on a geographical distance weight matrix and an economic distance weight matrix. The findings indicate that nearly 20 years of the Hainan tourism development efficiency mean value was 0.7435, represented by Sanya, and Haikou city of Hainan's tourism industry development level was higher. However, the spatial spillover effect of Hainan's overall tourism development is not good. In addition to Tunchang, Ledong city suggests that an appropriate increase in tourism elements, such as investment, expands the scale of the tourism industry, and most cities follow the law of diminishing marginal utility and inappropriate scale blindly. Especially in the face of knowledge innovation becoming the main factor hindering the efficiency of tourism development, we should pay more attention to technological innovation and management reform and coordinate the relationship between tourism development and ecological environment protection.
旅游发展效率是衡量旅游目的地发展质量的关键尺度之一。本研究改进了现有的旅游效率评价投入产出指标体系；将知识创新引入投入指标，将环境健康压力引入产出指标。以海南岛为例，运用兼容径向和非径向数据的EBM模型对旅游发展效率进行评价。为弥补基于地理距离权重矩阵的空间效应分析的不足，基于地理距离权重矩阵和经济距离权重矩阵分析了海南岛旅游发展的空间溢出效应。研究结果表明，近20年海南旅游发展效率均值为0.7435，以三亚为代表，海南海口市的旅游业发展水平较高。然而，海南整体旅游发展的空间溢出效应不佳。除屯昌、乐东外，各城市均存在盲目增加旅游要素投入、扩大旅游业规模但遵循边际效用递减规律且规模不当的问题。特别是面对知识创新成为阻碍旅游发展效率的主要因素，应更加注重技术创新和管理改革，协调旅游发展与生态环境保护的关系。
