National Research Council, Institute of Clinical Physiology (CNR-IFC), 1 Via Moruzzi, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
Department of Mental Health, AUSL of Parma, Largo Natale Palli 1/A, 43121 Parma, Italy.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Mar 22;19(7):3756. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19073756.
This study extends existing research on the relationship between psychoactive substance use among young people and violent behaviour, by evaluating the possible effect of the modification of parenting in a nationally representative sample of 14,685 Italian students drawn from the 2019 wave of the ESPAD Italia survey (51% male; mean age about 17 years). Parental dimensions considered in the study were rule-setting, monitoring, and emotional support, as well as the possible absence of a parent. Relative risk ratios and binary logistic regressions were used to estimate the associations separately for adolescents (15-17) and young adults (18-19). Overall, parental rule-setting, perceived parental monitoring, and emotional support were protective factors for substance use, and the strength of this relationship increased with the frequency of use. Among adolescents, the absence of a parent represented a risk factor. In both age groups, the odds of engaging in violent behaviour was increased among those reporting alcohol intoxication and substance use and the greater the frequency of use, the greater the increase in the odds. As parental monitoring and emotional support decreased, the odds of engaging in violent behaviour increased (except in the case of lower parental support among young adults), while the opposite applies to parental rule-setting. The odds of engaging in violent behaviour were increased among those reporting the absence of a parent only in the adolescent age group. Parental rule-setting was found to have an effect only among adolescents, increasing the odds of violent behaviour among frequent drinkers. Our results might be helpful to signal adolescents who would be more prone to adopt violent behaviour in order to target prevention policies.
本研究通过评估在全国代表性样本中对父母教养方式进行修正对青少年中精神活性物质使用与暴力行为之间关系的可能影响，扩展了现有关于年轻人中精神活性物质使用与暴力行为之间关系的研究。这项研究对来自 2019 年意大利 ESPAD 调查的 14685 名意大利学生（51%为男性；平均年龄约为 17 岁）进行了研究。研究中考虑的父母维度包括规则制定、监督和情感支持，以及父母可能的缺失。相对风险比和二元逻辑回归用于分别估计青少年（15-17 岁）和年轻人（18-19 岁）的关联。总体而言，父母的规则制定、感知到的父母监督和情感支持是物质使用的保护因素，这种关系的强度随着使用频率的增加而增加。在青少年中，父母的缺失是一个风险因素。在这两个年龄组中，报告酒精中毒和物质使用的青少年发生暴力行为的几率增加，而且使用频率越高，几率增加越大。随着父母监督和情感支持的减少，发生暴力行为的几率增加（除了年轻人中父母支持较低的情况），而父母规则制定则相反。只有在青少年年龄组中，报告父母缺失的青少年发生暴力行为的几率增加。父母规则制定仅对青少年有影响，增加了经常饮酒者发生暴力行为的几率。我们的研究结果可能有助于识别更倾向于采取暴力行为的青少年，以便针对预防政策。
