Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (IFC-CNR), Via Moruzzi 1, Pisa 56124, Italy.
Accid Anal Prev. 2016 Mar;88:97-104. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2015.12.018. Epub 2015 Dec 30.
In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to the issue of driving under the influence of alcohol (DUI), especially among young people. The aims of the present study were (1) to analyse the trends of DUI, riding with a driver under influence of alcohol (RWDUI) and alcohol-related road crashes (A-rC) in a nationally representative sample of students in the period 2007-2013, (2) to assess how different drinking patterns were associated with DUI and RWDUI, (3) to evaluate other influential factors (such as gender, older siblings' and friends' behaviour with alcohol) on DUI and RWDUI. Data were drawn from the cross-sectional European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD) carried out annually in Italy. The sample size ranged from 25,555 to 40,390 students (15-19 years old). Results were stratified for students <18 years and ≥18 years old. Although a significant decreasing trend for alcohol consumption was observed only in the younger group, a significant decrease in DUI [APC (annual percent change) -9.7 in the younger and -6.4 in the older group] and in RWDUI (APC -6.7 in the younger and -4.8 in the older group) was detected. A significant decreasing trend of A-rC was observed only in the older group (APC -3.4). Three specific drinking patterns were identified: "Drinking to Excess" (DE), "Drinking with Intoxication" (DI) and "Drinking but Not to Excess" (DNE). In both age groups, the DE pattern significantly increased the likelihood of DUI, whereas the DI pattern was negatively associated, and the DNE pattern was not associated. Different results were found for RWDUI: the DE and DI patterns where significantly associated with RWDUI, whereas the DNE pattern was negatively associated. Overall, illegal substance use, parental monitoring, peers' and siblings' influence were associated with DUI and RWDUI. The change in behaviour towards DUI and RWDUI suggests a cumulative effectiveness of current alcohol policies, although further actions (greater attention to social context, law enforcement, and promotion of good practice) are needed to substantially reduce alcohol-related crashes.
近年来，人们越来越关注酒后驾车（DUI）问题，尤其是在年轻人中。本研究的目的是：(1)分析 2007-2013 年期间全国代表性学生样本中 DUI、酒后乘车（RWDUI）和与酒精相关的道路事故（A-rC）的趋势；(2)评估不同的饮酒模式与 DUI 和 RWDUI 的关系；(3)评估其他影响因素（如性别、兄弟姐妹的饮酒行为和朋友的饮酒行为）对 DUI 和 RWDUI 的影响。数据来自每年在意大利进行的欧洲学校酒精和其他毒品调查项目（ESPAD）的横断面研究。样本量范围为 25555 至 40390 名学生（15-19 岁）。结果按<18 岁和≥18 岁的学生进行分层。尽管仅在年轻组中观察到饮酒量的显著下降趋势，但 DUI [APC（年百分变化）-9.7 在年轻组和-6.4 在年长组]和 RWDUI（APC-6.7 在年轻组和-4.8 在年长组）的下降趋势显著。仅在年长组中观察到与酒精相关的道路事故的显著下降趋势（APC-3.4）。确定了三种特定的饮酒模式：“过度饮酒”（DE）、“饮酒致醉”（DI）和“饮酒但不过量”（DNE）。在两个年龄组中，DE 模式显著增加 DUI 的可能性，而 DI 模式则呈负相关，DNE 模式则无关联。对于 RWDUI 则有不同的结果：DE 和 DI 模式与 RWDUI 显著相关，而 DNE 模式则呈负相关。总的来说，非法物质使用、父母监管、同伴和兄弟姐妹的影响与 DUI 和 RWDUI 有关。对 DUI 和 RWDUI 的行为变化表明，目前的酒精政策具有累积效果，尽管需要采取进一步的行动（更加关注社会背景、执法和推广良好做法），以大幅减少与酒精相关的事故。
