Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Health, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów 1I, PL-20-708 Lublin, Poland.
Department of Animal Physiology and Toxicology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Health, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów 1I, PL-20-708 Lublin, Poland.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Mar 23;19(7):3832. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19073832.
Phytoplankton is one of the five biological quality elements used in the assessment of the ecological status of surface waters according to the European Water Framework Directive established in 2000. In this study, we determined the ecological status of three small and shallow lakes in the Polesie Plain, Eastern Poland, by using indices based on phytoplankton assemblages. The predominant phytoplankton of all three lakes were filamentous cyanobacteria, both heterocystous and non-heterocystous, represented by the genera , , and . We used the Hungarian Q index, German PSI (Phyto-See-Index), and recently developed PMPL (Phytoplankton Metrics for Polish Lakes) for Polish lakes. We compared the results from the calculation of the indices to physicochemical data obtained from the lake water and Carlson's Trophy State Index (TSI). On the basis of TSI, Gumienek and Glinki lakes were classified as advanced eutrophic, whereas Czarne Lake had a better score and was classified as slightly eutrophic. The trophic state was generally confirmed by the ecological status based on phytoplankton indices and also showed the diverse ecological situation in the lakes studied. Based on the Polish PMPL, Gumienek Lake was classified as having bad status (ecological quality ratio (EQR) = 0.05), whereas Glinki and Czarne lakes were classified within the poor status range (EQR = 0.25 and 0.35, respectively). However, based on the German PSI, the lakes were classified in a different manner: the status of Gumienek and Czarne lakes was better, but unsatisfactory, because they were still below the boundary for the good status category recommended by the European Commission. The best ecological status for the studied lakes was obtained using the Q index: Gumienek Lake with EQR = 0.42 had a moderate status, and Czarne Lake with EQR = 0.62 obtained a good status. However, Glinki Lake, with EQR = 0.40, was classified at the boundary for poor and moderate status. Based on our study, it seems that the best index for ecological status assessment based on phytoplankton that can be used for small lakes is the Polish (PMPL) index.
浮游植物是根据 2000 年制定的欧洲水框架指令用于评估地表水生态状况的五个生物质量要素之一。在这项研究中，我们通过基于浮游植物组合的指数来确定波兰东部波列西耶平原三个小而浅的湖泊的生态状况。所有三个湖泊的主要浮游植物都是丝状蓝藻，包括异形胞和非异形胞蓝藻，代表属有、和。我们使用匈牙利 Q 指数、德国 PSI（浮游生物可见指数）和最近开发的波兰湖泊 PMPL（浮游生物指标）。我们将指数计算的结果与从湖泊水中获得的理化数据和 Carlson 的奖杯状态指数（TSI）进行了比较。根据 TSI，Gumienek 和 Glinki 湖被归类为高度富营养化，而 Czarne 湖的得分较好，被归类为轻度富营养化。基于浮游植物指数的生态状况一般证实了营养状态，也显示了所研究湖泊的不同生态状况。根据波兰的 PMPL，Gumienek 湖被归类为状态较差（生态质量比（EQR）= 0.05），而 Glinki 和 Czarne 湖则被归类为较差状态范围（EQR 分别为 0.25 和 0.35）。然而，根据德国 PSI，这些湖泊的分类方式不同：Gumienek 和 Czarne 湖的状态更好，但不理想，因为它们仍低于欧盟委员会推荐的良好状态类别的边界。使用 Q 指数获得了研究湖泊的最佳生态状况：EQR = 0.42 的 Gumienek 湖处于中等状态，EQR = 0.62 的 Czarne 湖处于良好状态。然而，EQR = 0.40 的 Glinki 湖被归类为较差和中等状态的边界。根据我们的研究，对于可以用于小湖泊的基于浮游植物的生态状况评估，似乎最好的指数是波兰（PMPL）指数。
