Institute of Psychology, Mykolas Romeris University, 08303 Vilnius, Lithuania.
Faculty of Creative Industries, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 10223 Vilnius, Lithuania.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Mar 30;19(7):4121. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19074121.
This study intended to explore which leisure preferences contribute to mindfulness, psychological capital, and life satisfaction and assess whether mindfulness, psychological capital, and life satisfaction are associated with different leisure preferences. This study applied the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), the Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ-12), the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), and the instrument to evaluate the prevalence of leisure preferences. A sample consisted of 586 participants, 104 males and 478 females. The mean age of participants was 42.06, SD = 13.29. The results show that respondents who did not spend free time watching television scored higher on life satisfaction, mindfulness, and psychological capital. Participants who preferred attending events scored higher on life satisfaction and psychological capital. Participants who preferred spending time with family as a leisure preference scored significantly higher on life satisfaction, mindfulness, and psychological capital, including PsyCap overall, PsyCap work, PsyCap relationship, and PsyCap health. The findings also reveal that time spent with family is significantly associated with life satisfaction. Besides, males' life satisfaction was significantly associated with time spent in nature, while females' satisfaction was associated with spending time with family and participating in events. Males' mindfulness was significantly associated with book reading, and females' mindfulness was associated with not watching television. Males' psychological capital was significantly associated with spending time with family and book reading, and females' psychological capital was associated with not watching television but spending time with family, participating in events, and spending time in nature. The findings also showed that mindfulness mediated the link between watching television and life satisfaction, and psychological capital mediated links between spending time with family, participating in events, and life satisfaction. The findings demonstrate that life satisfaction is also significantly associated with spending time with family as a leisure preference. This study also revealed a significant negative association between age and spending time with friends or family, evidencing the possible loneliness of elderly respondents. Due to limitations of this study, including sample size and characteristics, cultural context, and research design, the research findings would preferably be regarded thoughtfully.
本研究旨在探讨哪些休闲偏好有助于正念、心理资本和生活满意度，并评估正念、心理资本和生活满意度是否与不同的休闲偏好相关。本研究采用生活满意度量表（SWLS）、心理资本问卷（PCQ-12）、正念注意觉察量表（MAAS）和评估休闲偏好流行度的工具。研究对象由 586 名参与者组成，其中男性 104 名，女性 478 名。参与者的平均年龄为 42.06 岁，标准差为 13.29 岁。研究结果表明，不花时间看电视的受访者在生活满意度、正念和心理资本方面的得分更高。喜欢参加活动的参与者在生活满意度和心理资本方面的得分更高。喜欢与家人共度休闲时光的参与者在生活满意度、正念和心理资本方面的得分显著更高，包括 PsyCap 总体、 PsyCap 工作、 PsyCap 关系和 PsyCap 健康。研究结果还表明，与家人共度的时间与生活满意度显著相关。此外，男性的生活满意度与花在自然中的时间显著相关，而女性的满意度与与家人共度和参加活动有关。男性的正念与阅读书籍显著相关，而女性的正念与不看电视有关。男性的心理资本与与家人共度和阅读书籍显著相关，而女性的心理资本与不看电视但与家人共度、参加活动和花时间在自然中有关。研究结果还表明，正念在看电视与生活满意度之间起中介作用，心理资本在与家人共度、参加活动与生活满意度之间起中介作用。研究结果表明，生活满意度也与作为休闲偏好的与家人共度时间显著相关。本研究还发现年龄与与朋友或家人共度时间之间存在显著负相关，这表明年长受访者可能感到孤独。由于本研究的局限性，包括样本量和特征、文化背景和研究设计，研究结果最好谨慎看待。
