Abdullah Omar, Parashar Deepak, Mustafa Israa J, Young Annie M
Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, GBR.
Mosul Cancer Control Centre, Nineveh Health Directorate, Mosul, IRQ.
Cureus. 2022 Mar 8;14(3):e22945. doi: 10.7759/cureus.22945. eCollection 2022 Mar.
Bladder cancer (BC) is classified as a high-risk tumour type for venous thromboembolism (VTE). VTE presents an extra challenge in the management of patients with cancer, given the increase in morbidity and mortality on having both conditions. To summarise the contemporary evidence on the VTE rate in patients with BC according to the stage, type of anti-cancer treatment and highlight VTE rate in the UK and other countries. A systematic review was carried out, and an electronic search for publications between January 2000 and November 2021 was done. Studies recording VTE in BC patients were included, whilst paediatric patients, case reports, studies reporting on a mix of arterial and venous thrombosis, studies reporting DVT or PE only and recorded hospitalised VTE only were excluded. The rate of VTE, country of origin, risk factors and thromboprophylaxis duration for VTE in BC patients were identified. A total of 38 papers met the search criteria. All publications were original research papers (cohort studies). The overall VTE rate in patients with BC was estimated at 1.9% to 4.7%. For those patients undergoing cystectomy, the VTE rate ranged from 3% to 17.6%; however, the VTE rate in the metastatic stage of BC patients ranged from 3.1% to 5.1%. The rates of VTE in BC patients are high, further increased by interventions such as surgery and chemotherapy. Thromboprophylaxis measures should be optimised. This review highlighted the fact that the VTE rate in BC varies between studies due to the heterogeneity of risk factors reported.
膀胱癌（BC）被归类为静脉血栓栓塞（VTE）的高风险肿瘤类型。鉴于同时患有这两种疾病会增加发病率和死亡率，VTE给癌症患者的管理带来了额外挑战。总结关于不同分期、抗癌治疗类型的BC患者VTE发生率的当代证据，并突出英国和其他国家的VTE发生率。进行了一项系统综述，并对2000年1月至2021年11月期间的出版物进行了电子检索。纳入记录BC患者VTE情况的研究，而排除儿科患者、病例报告、报告动脉和静脉血栓形成混合情况的研究、仅报告深静脉血栓形成（DVT）或肺栓塞（PE）以及仅记录住院VTE情况的研究。确定了BC患者的VTE发生率、原产国、风险因素和VTE的血栓预防持续时间。共有38篇论文符合检索标准。所有出版物均为原创研究论文（队列研究）。BC患者的总体VTE发生率估计为1.9%至4.7%。对于接受膀胱切除术的患者，VTE发生率在3%至17.6%之间；然而，BC患者转移阶段的VTE发生率在3.1%至5.1%之间。BC患者的VTE发生率很高，手术和化疗等干预措施会使其进一步增加。应优化血栓预防措施。本综述强调了由于所报告的风险因素的异质性，不同研究中BC患者的VTE发生率存在差异这一事实。
