Hua Yi, Wang Ling, Zheng Minggang, Xu Yan, Liu Jianxin, Fang Lidan, Pan Xin, Liu Aifeng
College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
Marine Ecology Research Center, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Aug 10;833:155164. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155164. Epub 2022 Apr 10.
Synthetic musks are aroma compounds used worldwide as substitutes for natural musks, which have become ubiquitous pollutants in the environment. The land-based input and partition behavior of synthetic musks in sediments and seawater are important for understanding their fate in the marine environment. In this study, a total of 292 seawater and sediment samples from 146 sites of the Yellow Sea and East China Sea were collected during wet and dry seasons and used to determine four synthetic musks, tonalide, galaxolide, musk xylene and musk ketone. Only tonalide was detectable in 10.6% and 17.8% of seawater samples at a concentration range of 23.7-38.2 ng/L and 19.0-24.8 ng/L in wet season and dry season, respectively. In sediments, both galaxolide and tonalide were detectable, with a sum total synthetic musks concentration ranging from 1.4 to 36.6 ng/g dry weight (dw) in wet season and 1.0 to 14.1 ng/g dw in dry season. The concentration of tonalide in seawater was significantly higher in wet season than in dry season and the concentration of synthetic musks in sediments of some coastal areas also exhibited higher concentrations in wet season than in dry season. Fugacity analysis showed that tonalide in the Yellow Sea exhibited a trend of diffusion from sediment to seawater or a state of equilibrium, while no diffusion trend was observed in the East China Sea. The hazard quotient values for tonalide and galaxolide in sediment and seawater samples were lower than 0.1, indicating that they present a low ecological risk. This research provides novel insights that help understand the pollution status, diffusion behavior and ecological risk of synthetic musks in marine environments.
合成麝香是一种在全球范围内用作天然麝香替代品的芳香化合物，而天然麝香已成为环境中无处不在的污染物。合成麝香在沉积物和海水中的陆源输入及分配行为对于理解它们在海洋环境中的归宿至关重要。在本研究中，在黄海和东海的146个站点的湿季和干季共采集了292个海水和沉积物样本，用于测定四种合成麝香，即吐纳麝香、佳乐麝香、二甲苯麝香和麝香酮。仅在10.6%和17.8%的海水样本中检测到吐纳麝香，其在湿季和干季的浓度范围分别为23.7 - 38.2 ng/L和19.0 - 24.8 ng/L。在沉积物中，佳乐麝香和吐纳麝香均被检测到，合成麝香总浓度在湿季为1.4至36.6 ng/g干重（dw），在干季为1.0至14.1 ng/g dw。海水中吐纳麝香的浓度在湿季显著高于干季，一些沿海地区沉积物中合成麝香的浓度在湿季也高于干季。逸度分析表明，黄海中的吐纳麝香呈现从沉积物向海水扩散的趋势或处于平衡状态，而在东海未观察到扩散趋势。沉积物和海水样本中吐纳麝香和佳乐麝香的风险商值低于0.1，表明它们呈现低生态风险。本研究提供了新的见解，有助于了解合成麝香在海洋环境中的污染状况、扩散行为和生态风险。
