Department of Population and Development, International Institute for Population Sciences, Deonar, Mumbai 400088, India.
Center of Social Medicine and Community Health, Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi 110067, India.
J Affect Disord. 2022 Jul 1;308:249-258. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.04.060. Epub 2022 Apr 14.
This study aims to find the linkage between neighborhood deprivation and cognition with depression as a mediating factor while economic condition as a moderator.
We have used the recent baseline wave-1 data of Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI), 2017-2018. The study was restricted to 60 and above population, consisting of males (14,931) and females (16,533). We have used moderated mediating model to understand the relationship between deprivation (X), cognition (Y) mediated through depression (M), moderated by economic condition (W), while controlling all possible confounders.
Neighborhood deprivation was positively associated with depression (β: 0.12; SE: 0.01) and inversely linked to cognition (β: -0.4; SE: 0.02). Deprivation had a strong indirect effect on cognition that was mediated by depression. Further, interaction of depression (M) and economic condition (W) was negatively associated (β = -0.03; SE: 0.01) with cognition (Y), indicating that lower economic section being more depressed with lower cognitive function.
The study failed to capture other mental health aspects like stress and anxiety using the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 items (DASS-21).
This study has found a link between higher economic condition with low deprivation and depression. Older individuals with better financial situation have improved cognitive level than their counterparts, who are also depressed. This study provides an opportunity to conduct future research on cognitive health in the face of population aging in India.
本研究旨在寻找邻里剥夺与认知之间的联系，其中抑郁作为中介因素，而经济状况作为调节因素。
我们使用了印度纵向老龄化研究（LASI）2017-2018 年最近的基线第 1 波数据。该研究仅限于 60 岁及以上的人群，包括男性（14931 人）和女性（16533 人）。我们使用了调节中介模型来理解剥夺（X）、认知（Y）通过抑郁（M）介导的关系，经济状况（W）作为调节因素，同时控制所有可能的混杂因素。
邻里剥夺与抑郁呈正相关（β：0.12；SE：0.01），与认知呈负相关（β：-0.4；SE：0.02）。剥夺对认知有很强的间接影响，这种影响是通过抑郁来介导的。此外，抑郁（M）和经济状况（W）的交互作用与认知（Y）呈负相关（β=-0.03；SE：0.01），表明经济条件较低的人抑郁程度较高，认知功能较低。
本研究使用的是抑郁、焦虑和压力量表-21 项（DASS-21），未能捕捉到其他心理健康方面，如压力和焦虑。
本研究发现，较高的经济条件与较低的剥夺和抑郁之间存在联系。经济状况较好的老年个体的认知水平比那些同样抑郁的老年个体要好。这项研究为未来在印度人口老龄化的背景下研究认知健康提供了机会。
