School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney (UTS), City Campus, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia.
Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
Chemosphere. 2022 Aug;300:134489. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134489. Epub 2022 Apr 14.
In this study, the impact of urine diversion on the treatment capacity, treatment process, and capital costs of a decentralised wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) was simulated using BioWin. The data for simulation including for economic analysis were obtained from a real decentralised WWTP at Sydney. Simulation was conducted for two alternative process design scenarios of a WWTP: membrane bioreactor (MBR) without denitrification and anaerobic MBR in place of aerobic MBR and compared to existing process design. The simulation shows that with about 75% urine diversion (through source separation), the treatment capacity of the existing WWTP can be doubled although above 40% urine diversion, the impact appears less rapid. When the urine diversion exceeds 75%, it was found that the anoxic tank for biological denitrification becomes redundant and the current wastewater treatment process could be replaced with a simpler and much less aeration intensive membrane bioreactor (MBR) producing similar effluent quality with a 24% reduction in capital expenditure (footprint) cost. Anaerobic MBR can be a potential alternative to aerobic MBR although pre-treatment becomes essential before reverse osmosis treatment for water reuse applications. Sensitivity analysis has revealed that by operating the bioreactor at higher mixed liquor suspended solids concentrations (9 g/L instead of 5 g/L) could help increase the WWTP treatment capacity by about 3.5 times at 75% urine diversion. Hence, urine diversion (until nitrogen-limiting conditions occur above 75% urine diversion) can increase the treatment capacity of an existing WWTP and reduce the capital expenses due to reduced plant footprint.
在本研究中，使用 BioWin 模拟了尿液分流对分散式污水处理厂（WWTP）的处理能力、处理过程和资本成本的影响。模拟所需的数据，包括经济分析数据，均来自悉尼的一个真实的分散式 WWTP。针对 WWTP 的两种替代工艺设计方案进行了模拟：无脱氮的膜生物反应器（MBR）和替代好氧 MBR 的厌氧 MBR，并与现有工艺设计进行了比较。模拟结果表明，通过大约 75%的尿液分流（通过源头分离），可以将现有 WWTP 的处理能力提高一倍，尽管超过 40%的尿液分流后，影响似乎不太明显。当尿液分流超过 75%时，发现缺氧池用于生物反硝化变得多余，并且当前的废水处理工艺可以用一种更简单、曝气强度低得多的膜生物反应器（MBR）代替，在资本支出（占地面积）成本降低 24%的情况下产生类似的出水质量。厌氧 MBR 可以替代好氧 MBR，尽管在反渗透处理用于水再利用应用之前，需要进行预处理。敏感性分析表明，通过将生物反应器的混合液悬浮固体浓度提高到 9g/L（而不是 5g/L），可以在 75%的尿液分流下将 WWTP 的处理能力提高约 3.5 倍。因此，尿液分流（直到超过 75%的尿液分流出现氮限制条件）可以提高现有 WWTP 的处理能力，并由于减少了工厂占地面积而降低资本支出。
