Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163319, PR China.
Branch of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province 161005, PR China.
Acta Trop. 2022 Aug;232:106469. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106469. Epub 2022 Apr 14.
Prosthogonimus cuneatus and Prosthogonimus pellucidus (Trematoda: Prosthogonimidae) are common flukes of poultry and other birds which can cause severe impacts on animal health and losses to the poultry industry. However, there are limited studies on the molecular epidemiology, population genetics, and systematics of Prosthogonimus species. In the present study, the complete mitochondrial (mt) genomes of P. cuneatus and P. pellucidus were determined to be 14,829 bp and 15,013 bp in length, respectively. Both mt genomes contain 12 protein-coding genes (PCGs) (cox1-3, nad1-6, nad4L, cytb, and atp6), 22 transfer RNA genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, and one non-coding region. Our comparative analysis shows that the atp6 genes of P. cuneatus and P. pellucidus are longer than any previously published atp6 genes of other trematodes. The lengths of the atp6 genes of P. cuneatus and P. pellucidus in this study seem unusual, and should therefore be studied further. The mt genes of P. cuneatus and P. pellucidus are transcribed in the same direction, and the gene arrangements are identical to those of Plagiorchis maculosus, Tamerlania zarudnyi, and Tanaisia sp., but different from those of Eurytrema pancreaticum, Dicrocoelium chinensis, and Brachycladium goliath. The mt genome A + T contents of P. cuneatus and P. pellucidus are 64.47% and 65.34%, respectively. In the 12 PCGs, ATG is the most common initiation codon, whereas TAG is the most common termination codon. The sequence identity of the same 12 PCGs among the eight trematodes (P. cuneatus, P. pellucidus, Pl. maculosus, D. chinensis, E. pancreaticum, B. goliath, T. zarudnyi, Tanaisia sp.) of Xiphidiata are 55.5%-81.7% at the nucleotide level and 43.9%-82.5% at the amino acid level. The nucleotide similarities among the complete mt genomes of the eight trematodes range from 54.1%-81.5%. Phylogenetic analysis based on the aligned concatenated amino acid sequences of the 12 PCGs shows that P. cuneatus and P. pellucidus cluster together and are sister to T. zarudnyi and Tanaisia sp., and this clade is more closely related to E. pancreaticum, Dicrocoelium spp. and Lyperosomum longicauda in the family Dicrocoeliidae, than it is to species in the families Plagiorchiidae and Brachycladiidae. These are the first reported complete mt genomes of Prosthogonimidae, and these data will provide additional molecular resources for further studies of Prosthogonimidae taxonomy, population genetics, and systematics.
尖口前后盘吸虫和透明前口吸虫（吸虫纲：前口科）是家禽和其他鸟类的常见吸虫，它们会对动物健康造成严重影响，并给家禽业带来损失。然而，关于前口属物种的分子流行病学、种群遗传学和系统发育学的研究有限。本研究测定了尖口前后盘吸虫和透明前口吸虫的完整线粒体（mt）基因组，分别长 14829bp 和 15013bp。两个 mt 基因组都包含 12 个蛋白编码基因（cox1-3、nad1-6、nad4L、cytb 和 atp6）、22 个转移 RNA 基因、两个核糖体 RNA 基因和一个非编码区。我们的比较分析表明，尖口前后盘吸虫和透明前口吸虫的 atp6 基因比以前发表的任何其他吸虫的 atp6 基因都长。尖口前后盘吸虫和透明前口吸虫的 atp6 基因长度似乎不同寻常，因此应进一步研究。尖口前后盘吸虫和透明前口吸虫的 mt 基因以相同的方向转录，基因排列与 Plagiorchis maculosus、Tamerlania zarudnyi 和 Tanaisia sp. 相同，但与 Eurytrema pancreaticum、Dicrocoelium chinensis 和 Brachycladium goliath 不同。尖口前后盘吸虫和透明前口吸虫的 mt 基因组 A+T 含量分别为 64.47%和 65.34%。在 12 个 PCG 中，ATG 是最常见的起始密码子，而 TAG 是最常见的终止密码子。在 Xiphidiata 的 8 种吸虫（尖口前后盘吸虫、透明前口吸虫、Pl. maculosus、D. chinensis、E. pancreaticum、B. goliath、T. zarudnyi、Tanaisia sp.）的相同 12 个 PCG 中，核苷酸水平的序列同一性为 55.5%-81.7%，氨基酸水平的序列同一性为 43.9%-82.5%。这 8 种吸虫的完整 mt 基因组之间的核苷酸相似性在 54.1%-81.5%之间。基于 12 个 PCG 联合氨基酸序列的系统发育分析表明，尖口前后盘吸虫和透明前口吸虫与 T. zarudnyi 和 Tanaisia sp. 聚在一起，与 E. pancreaticum、Dicrocoelium spp. 和 Lyperosomum longicauda 的亲缘关系比与 Plagiorchiidae 和 Brachycladiidae 更密切。这是前口科首次报道的完整 mt 基因组，这些数据将为进一步研究前口科的分类学、种群遗传学和系统发育学提供额外的分子资源。
