CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
Institute for Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
Environ Res. 2022 Sep;212(Pt B):113298. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113298. Epub 2022 Apr 14.
Fungi could play an important role during anaerobic digestion (AD), but have received less attention than prokaryotes. Here, AD bioreactors of food waste were performed to explore fungal succession and their potential ecological and engineering value. We found that similar patterns in fungal biomass and diversity, decreasing from the initial time point (Day 0) to the lowest value within 3-6 days and then started to rise and stabilized between 9 and 42 days. Throughout the entire AD process, variations in fungal community composition were observed and dominant fungal taxa have the potential ability to degrade complex organic matter and alleviate fatty acid and ammonia accumulation. Furthermore, we found that deterministic processes gradually dominated fungal assembly succession (up to 84.85% at the final stage), suggesting changing environmental status responsible for fungal community dynamics and specifically, fungal community structure, diversity and biomass were regulated by different environmental variables or the same variables with opposite effects. AD bioreactors could directionally select specific fungal taxa over time, but some highly abundant fungi could not be mapped to any fungal species with defined function in the reference database, so function prediction relying on PICRUSt2 may underestimate fungal function in AD systems. Collectively, our study confirmed fungi have important ecological and engineering values in AD systems.
真菌在厌氧消化（AD）过程中可能发挥着重要作用，但它们受到的关注不如原核生物多。在这里，我们进行了食物垃圾的 AD 生物反应器实验，以探索真菌的演替及其潜在的生态和工程价值。我们发现，真菌生物量和多样性的变化模式相似，从初始时间点（第 0 天）开始下降，在 3-6 天内达到最低值，然后在 9-42 天开始上升并稳定。在整个 AD 过程中，我们观察到真菌群落组成的变化，并且主要的真菌类群具有降解复杂有机物、缓解脂肪酸和氨积累的潜在能力。此外，我们发现确定性过程逐渐主导了真菌组装演替（在最后阶段高达 84.85%），这表明环境状态的变化导致了真菌群落的动态变化，具体来说，真菌群落结构、多样性和生物量受到不同环境变量或具有相反影响的相同变量的调节。AD 生物反应器可以随着时间的推移定向选择特定的真菌类群，但一些丰度较高的真菌无法映射到参考数据库中具有明确功能的任何真菌物种，因此基于 PICRUSt2 的功能预测可能低估了 AD 系统中真菌的功能。总的来说，我们的研究证实了真菌在 AD 系统中具有重要的生态和工程价值。
