Amin Mohammed Badrul, Hoque Kazi Injamamul, Roy Subarna, Saha Sumita Rani, Islam Md Rayhanul, Julian Timothy R, Islam Mohammad Aminul
Laboratory of Food Safety and One Health, Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland.
Front Microbiol. 2022 Mar 31;13:803043. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.803043. eCollection 2022.
The prevalence of fecal colonization with extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing (ESBL-Ec) among children in low- and middle-income countries is alarmingly high. This study aimed to identify the sources of ESBL-Ec colonization in children < 1 year old through comparative analysis of isolates from child stool, child's mother stool, and point-of-use drinking water from 46 rural households in Bangladesh. The pairwise similarity in antibiotic susceptibility of from all three sources was evaluated, followed by phylogenetic clustering using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus polymerase chain reaction and whole-genome sequence analysis of the isolates. Matching antibiotic susceptibility and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus polymerase chain reaction patterns were found among ESBL-Ec isolates from child-mother dyads of 24 and 11 households, respectively, from child-water dyads of 5 and 4 households, respectively, and from child-mother-water triads of 3 and 4 households, respectively. Whole-genome sequence analysis of 30 isolates from 10 households revealed that ESBL-Ec from children in five households (50%) was clonally related to ESBL-Ec either from their mothers (2 households), drinking water sources (2 households), or both mother and drinking-water sources (1 household) based on serotype, phylogroup, sequence type, antibiotic resistance genes, mobile genetic elements, core single-nucleotide polymorphisms, and whole-genome multilocus sequence typing. Overall, this study provides empirical evidence that ESBL-Ec colonization in children is linked to the colonization status of mothers and exposure to the household environments contaminated with ESBL-Ec. Interventions such as improved hygiene practices and a safe drinking water supply may help reduce the transmission of ESBL-Ec at the household level.
在低收入和中等收入国家，儿童中产超广谱β-内酰胺酶大肠杆菌（ESBL-Ec）的粪便定植率高得惊人。本研究旨在通过对孟加拉国46个农村家庭中儿童粪便、儿童母亲粪便及家庭饮用水中分离株的比较分析，确定1岁以下儿童ESBL-Ec定植的来源。评估了来自所有三个来源的分离株抗生素敏感性的成对相似性，随后使用肠杆菌重复基因间共识聚合酶链反应进行系统发育聚类，并对分离株进行全基因组序列分析。分别在24户和11户儿童-母亲二元组、5户和4户儿童-水二元组以及3户和4户儿童-母亲-水三元组的ESBL-Ec分离株中发现了匹配的抗生素敏感性和肠杆菌重复基因间共识聚合酶链反应模式。对来自10个家庭的30株分离株进行全基因组序列分析发现，基于血清型、系统发育群、序列类型、抗生素抗性基因、移动遗传元件、核心单核苷酸多态性和全基因组多位点序列分型，5个家庭（50%）儿童的ESBL-Ec与母亲（2户）、饮用水源（2户）或母亲和饮用水源（1户）的ESBL-Ec存在克隆相关性。总体而言，本研究提供了经验证据，表明儿童ESBL-Ec定植与母亲的定植状态以及接触受ESBL-Ec污染的家庭环境有关。改善卫生习惯和安全饮用水供应等干预措施可能有助于减少家庭层面ESBL-Ec的传播。
