Hao Baozhen, Ma Jingli, Si Luyao, Jiang Lina, Wang Xiaojie, Yao Chong, Ma Siyuan, Li Chunxi, Gao Zhiqiang, Wang Zhimin
School of Life Sciences and Basic Medicine, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, China.
College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China.
Front Plant Sci. 2022 Mar 30;13:872781. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.872781. eCollection 2022.
Biofortification of wheat with mineral through crop breeding is a sustainable and cost-effective approach to address human mineral malnutrition. A better understanding of the trends of grain concentrations of mineral nutrients in wheat over the breeding period may help to assess the breeding progress to date. A 2-year field experiment using 138 Chinese wheat landraces and 154 cultivars was conducted. Grain concentrations of micronutrients (Cu and Mn) and macronutrients (N, P, and K) were measured and corrected for a yield level to elucidate the trends of these mineral nutrients over the 80 years of cultivar releasing and identify genetic variation for these mineral nutrients in cultivars and landraces. Large genetic variation exists for grain mineral nutrients concentrations among tested genotypes, indicating that selection for enhancing mineral nutrient concentrations in wheat is possible. Landraces showed a slightly wide genetic variation of grain Cu concentration and a much narrow variation of Mn concentration when compared to modern cultivars. Grain concentrations of Cu and Mn decreased slightly with increasing grain yield with a weak correlation, while N, P, and K concentrations declined obviously with increasing yield with a strong correlation, revealing that increased grain yield had a strong negative effect on grain concentration of macronutrients, but a relative weak negative effect on micronutrients concentrations. When considering the impact of the variation in yield on mineral concentrations, grain concentrations of Cu, Mn, N, P, and K in wheat cultivars released from 1933 to 2017 exhibited different trends with a year of variety release. Grain Cu, N, and P concentrations showed significant decreasing trends over a breeding period, while grain Mn and K concentrations showed no clear trend, suggesting wheat breeding in China over the past 80 years has decreased grain concentrations of Cu, N, and P, and did not alter Mn and K concentrations. Finally, a total of 14 outstanding accessions with high grain mineral nutrients concentrations/contents were identified, and these genotypes can be considered as promising donors for developing mineral-dense wheat cultivars.
通过作物育种对小麦进行矿物质生物强化是解决人类矿物质营养不良问题的一种可持续且经济高效的方法。更好地了解小麦在育种期间矿物质营养元素籽粒浓度的变化趋势,可能有助于评估到目前为止的育种进展。开展了一项为期两年的田间试验,使用了138份中国小麦地方品种和154个品种。测量了微量营养元素(铜和锰)和大量营养元素(氮、磷和钾)的籽粒浓度,并针对产量水平进行了校正,以阐明这些矿物质营养元素在80年品种发布过程中的变化趋势,并确定品种和地方品种中这些矿物质营养元素的遗传变异。在所测试的基因型中,籽粒矿物质营养元素浓度存在较大的遗传变异,这表明通过选择来提高小麦中的矿物质营养元素浓度是可行的。与现代品种相比,地方品种的籽粒铜浓度遗传变异略宽,而锰浓度变异则窄得多。铜和锰的籽粒浓度随籽粒产量增加略有下降,相关性较弱,而氮、磷和钾浓度随产量增加明显下降,相关性较强,这表明籽粒产量增加对大量营养元素的籽粒浓度有很强的负面影响,但对微量营养元素浓度的负面影响相对较弱。考虑到产量变化对矿物质浓度的影响,1933年至2017年发布的小麦品种中,铜、锰、氮、磷和钾的籽粒浓度随品种发布年份呈现出不同的趋势。籽粒铜、氮和磷浓度在育种期间呈现出显著下降趋势,而籽粒锰和钾浓度没有明显趋势,这表明中国过去80年的小麦育种降低了籽粒铜、氮和磷的浓度,而没有改变锰和钾的浓度。最后,共鉴定出14份籽粒矿物质营养元素浓度/含量高的优异种质,这些基因型可被视为培育富含矿物质小麦品种的有潜力的供体。