野生二粒小麦粮食营养的遗传多样性：对小麦改良的潜力。
Genetic diversity for grain nutrients in wild emmer wheat: potential for wheat improvement.
机构信息
The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Science and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
出版信息
Ann Bot. 2010 Jun;105(7):1211-20. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcq024. Epub 2010 Mar 3.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Micronutrient malnutrition, particularly zinc and iron deficiency, afflicts over three billion people worldwide due to low dietary intake. In the current study, wild emmer wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides), the progenitor of domesticated wheat, was tested for (1) genetic diversity in grain nutrient concentrations, (2) associations among grain nutrients and their relationships with plant productivity, and (3) the association of grain nutrients with the eco-geographical origin of wild emmer accessions.
METHODS
A total of 154 genotypes, including wild emmer accessions from across the Near Eastern Fertile Crescent and diverse wheat cultivars, were characterized in this 2-year field study for grain protein, micronutrient (zinc, iron, copper and manganese) and macronutrient (calcium, magnesium, potassium, phosphorus and sulphur) concentrations.
KEY RESULTS
Wide genetic diversity was found among the wild emmer accessions for all grain nutrients. The concentrations of grain zinc, iron and protein in wild accessions were about two-fold greater than in the domesticated genotypes. Concentrations of these compounds were positively correlated with one another, with no clear association with plant productivity, suggesting that all three nutrients can be improved concurrently with no yield penalty. A subset of 12 populations revealed significant genetic variation between and within populations for all minerals. Association between soil characteristics at the site of collection and grain nutrient concentrations showed negative associations between soil clay content and grain protein and between soil-extractable zinc and grain zinc, the latter suggesting that the greatest potential for grain nutrient minerals lies in populations from micronutrient-deficient soils.
CONCLUSIONS
Wild emmer wheat germplasm offers unique opportunities to exploit favourable alleles for grain nutrient properties that were excluded from the domesticated wheat gene pool.
背景与目的
由于饮食摄入不足，全世界有超过 30 亿人受到微量营养素营养不良的影响，尤其是锌和铁缺乏。在本研究中，对野生二粒小麦（Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides）进行了测试，野生二粒小麦是栽培小麦的祖先，其（1）籽粒营养浓度的遗传多样性，（2）籽粒营养物质之间的相关性及其与植物生产力的关系，以及（3）籽粒营养物质与野生二粒小麦传入物生态地理起源的相关性。
方法
本研究对来自近东肥沃新月带的野生二粒小麦和多种小麦品种在内的 154 个基因型进行了为期 2 年的田间研究，对其籽粒蛋白质、微量营养素（锌、铁、铜和锰）和常量营养素（钙、镁、钾、磷和硫）浓度进行了特征描述。
主要结果
在野生二粒小麦传入物中发现了广泛的遗传多样性，所有的籽粒营养物质都存在这种情况。野生传入物的籽粒锌、铁和蛋白质浓度约为栽培基因型的两倍。这些化合物的浓度相互之间呈正相关，与植物生产力没有明显的关联，这表明所有三种营养物质都可以同时得到改善，而不会对产量造成损失。对 12 个群体的一个子集进行分析，发现所有矿物质在群体间和群体内都存在显著的遗传变异。采集地点的土壤特征与籽粒营养浓度之间的关联表明，土壤粘粒含量与籽粒蛋白质之间呈负相关，而土壤可提取锌与籽粒锌之间呈负相关，后者表明，在微量元素缺乏的土壤中，最大的潜在籽粒营养矿物质含量在于群体。
结论
野生二粒小麦种质提供了独特的机会，可以利用从栽培小麦基因库中排除的有利等位基因来改善籽粒营养特性。
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