Ma Zhili, Wu Wei, Zhang Dexin, Wu Ping, Guo Yuanhua, Li Deyuan, Yang Fang
School of Laboratory Medicine Hubei University of Chinese Medicine Wuhan China.
Food Sci Nutr. 2022 Jan 17;10(4):1081-1092. doi: 10.1002/fsn3.2734. eCollection 2022 Apr.
Approximately 90% of the cholesterol content of the body is derived from de novo synthesis and the enterohepatic circulation. As numerous studies have shown previously, one egg per day intake has little impact of cholesterol balance in human body. Therefore, this study assumed that intake of up two eggs a day has little effect on biomarkers of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) risk in Chinese young adults. With the increase in egg intake, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and choline all increased among all the groups as the study progressed from autumn to winter ( < .05). However, there were no differences in the plasma triglycerides, LDL-C/HDL-C ratio, glucose, liver enzymes, C-reactive protein, and urinary microalbumin during the diet periods. Subjects who ate eggs at breakfast felt less hungry and more satisfied, which were relative with decreased fasting plasma ghrelin level ( < .05). Furthermore, egg-derived cholesterol appeared to upregulate the mRNA levels of low-density lipoprotein receptor and lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase, and downregulate cholesteryl ester transfer protein and flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 mRNA levels in isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. These results demonstrate that intake of up to two eggs a day had little effect on biomarkers of CVDs in young, healthy Chinese college students and provided useful evidence for the dietary guidelines regarding egg consumption.
人体中约90%的胆固醇含量来自从头合成和肠肝循环。正如之前众多研究所表明的，每天摄入一个鸡蛋对人体胆固醇平衡几乎没有影响。因此，本研究假设每天摄入多达两个鸡蛋对中国年轻成年人心血管疾病（CVD）风险的生物标志物影响不大。随着鸡蛋摄入量的增加，从秋季到冬季，所有组的总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）和胆碱均有所增加（P<0.05）。然而，在饮食期间，血浆甘油三酯、LDL-C/HDL-C比值、血糖、肝酶、C反应蛋白和尿微量白蛋白并无差异。早餐吃鸡蛋的受试者饥饿感减轻，饱腹感增强，这与空腹血浆胃饥饿素水平降低有关（P<0.05）。此外，鸡蛋来源的胆固醇似乎上调了分离的外周血单个核细胞中低密度脂蛋白受体和卵磷脂胆固醇酰基转移酶的mRNA水平，并下调了胆固醇酯转移蛋白和含黄素单加氧酶3的mRNA水平。这些结果表明，每天摄入多达两个鸡蛋对年轻、健康的中国大学生CVD生物标志物影响不大，并为鸡蛋消费的饮食指南提供了有用的证据。
