Gerdes Christoph, Maasoumy Benjamin, Paquet Nicolas, Orozco Francisco Cuan, Kröger Jan Robert, Fetzner Ulrich Klaus
Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie und Endokrinologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Deutschland.
Röntgenpraxis Georgstraße, Hannover, Deutschland.
Ther Umsch. 2022 Apr;79(3-4):212-216. doi: 10.1024/0040-5930/a001351.
Peracute Diseases of the Esophagus - Bleeding from Esophageal Varices, Esophageal Varices Due to a permanently increased portal venous pressure - usually due to infectious or ethyltoxic liver cirrhosis - varices can form in the lower esophagus due to expansion of the submucosal venous plexus. Acute bleeding from the esophageal varices is a life-threatening situation. In therapy, a distinction is made between primary prophylaxis of bleeding, control of acute bleeding and prevention of recurrent bleeding. In addition to non-selective betablockers, the transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS), which is introduced radiologically, plays a decisive role today, especially in the prophylaxis of recurrent bleeding. Apart from special indications, surgical shunt procedures are only of historical value. In liver cirrhosis patients, liver transplantation represents a causal treatment and lasting cure for esophageal varices.
食管的超急性疾病——食管静脉曲张出血，食管静脉曲张 由于门静脉压力持续升高——通常由于感染性或酒精性肝硬化——由于黏膜下静脉丛扩张，可在食管下段形成静脉曲张。食管静脉曲张急性出血是一种危及生命的情况。在治疗中，区分出血的一级预防、急性出血的控制和复发性出血的预防。除了非选择性β受体阻滞剂外，经颈静脉肝内门体分流术（TIPS），通过放射学方法引入，如今起着决定性作用，尤其是在预防复发性出血方面。除特殊指征外，手术分流术仅具有历史价值。在肝硬化患者中，肝移植是食管静脉曲张的病因治疗和持久治愈方法。
