Matijašević Danka, Pantić Milena, Stanisavljević Nemanja, Jevtić Sanja, Rajić Nevenka, Lević Steva, Nedović Viktor, Nikšić Miomir
University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade-Zemun, Serbia.
University of Belgrade, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia.
Food Technol Biotechnol. 2022 Mar;60(1):67-79. doi: 10.17113/ftb.60.01.22.7172.
In the recent years, considerable attention has been given to selenium status since its deficiency is linked with various disorders and affects at least 13% of world population. Additionally, mushrooms are known to possess pronounced capacity for absorption of various micronutrients, including Se, from soil/substrate. Here, we investigate the possibility of using Se-rich zeolitic tuff as a supplement for production of selenized mushroom. Furthermore, the impact of the enrichment on the activity of antioxidant enzymes and biological potential of medicinal mushroom is studied.
Se(IV)- and Se(VI)-modified natural zeolitic tuff from the Serbian deposit Zlatokop was used as supplement for mushroom cultivation. To examine the effectiveness of selenium enrichment, we determined total selenium with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), together with the activity of antioxidant enzymes in fresh fruiting bodies and biological potential of methanolic extracts. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using the appropriate tests for: inhibition of lipid peroxidation, DPPH free radical scavenging assay, Fe(III)-reducing antioxidant power assay and ability of chelating Fe ions. The antibacterial activity against foodborne pathogens was measured by broth microdilution assay. Additionally, chemical composition of the prepared extracts was studied using UV-Vis and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy.
Content of selenium detected in biofortified was even 470 times higher than in control on dry mass basis ((140.7±3.8) (0.3±0.1) µg/g), proving that Se-rich zeolitic tuff is an excellent supplement for mushroom production. Furthermore, the results of monitoring the activity of antioxidant enzymes revealed that most of the Se-enriched mushrooms exhibited higher superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) and lower glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities than control. Due to higher amounts of enzymes, which can quickly catalyze the reduction of superoxide radicals, the quality of selenium-enriched mushrooms is preserved for a longer period of time. Investigation of biological potential indicated that Se-enriched mushroom methanolic extracts, generally, expressed enhanced antioxidant properties. Additionally, extracts showed antibacterial activity against all tested pathogenic microorganisms.
Cultivation of mushrooms on Se-enriched zeolitic tuff is a new technological approach for obtaining Se-fortified food/supplements with enhanced antioxidant and antibacterial activities.
近年来，硒的状态受到了广泛关注，因为其缺乏与多种疾病相关，且影响着至少13%的世界人口。此外，已知蘑菇具有从土壤/基质中吸收包括硒在内的各种微量营养素的显著能力。在此，我们研究了使用富硒沸石凝灰岩作为补充剂来生产富硒蘑菇的可能性。此外，还研究了这种富集对药用蘑菇抗氧化酶活性和生物学潜力的影响。
来自塞尔维亚兹拉托科普矿床的经硒（IV）和硒（VI）改性的天然沸石凝灰岩用作蘑菇栽培的补充剂。为了检验硒富集的有效性，我们使用电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）测定了总硒，同时测定了新鲜子实体中抗氧化酶的活性以及甲醇提取物的生物学潜力。使用适当的测试评估抗氧化活性：抑制脂质过氧化、DPPH自由基清除测定、铁（III）还原抗氧化能力测定以及螯合铁离子的能力。通过肉汤微量稀释法测定对食源性病原体的抗菌活性。此外，使用紫外可见光谱和傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）光谱研究了所制备提取物的化学成分。
以干重计，生物强化蘑菇中检测到的硒含量比对照高出470倍（（140.7±3.8）（0.3±0.1）μg/g），证明富硒沸石凝灰岩是蘑菇生产的优质补充剂。此外，监测抗氧化酶活性的结果表明，大多数富硒蘑菇的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性高于对照，而谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活性低于对照。由于酶的含量较高，能够快速催化超氧自由基的还原，富硒蘑菇的品质能在更长时间内得以保持。对生物学潜力的研究表明，富硒蘑菇甲醇提取物总体上表现出增强的抗氧化特性。此外，提取物对所有测试的致病微生物均表现出抗菌活性。
在富硒沸石凝灰岩上栽培蘑菇是一种获取具有增强抗氧化和抗菌活性的富硒食品/补充剂新技术方法。
