Burns M S, File D M, Deline V, Galle P
Scan Electron Microsc. 1986(Pt 4):1277-90.
We have made several observations during the course of our studies that show the presence of matrix effects in soft biological tissue and standards. The sputtering rate of gelatin is approximately twice that of epoxy resin, but the ion yield of lithium in gelatin is an order of magnitude less than in epoxy. Osmium impregnation of freeze-dried material significantly alters the localization of calcium, but not potassium and barium. The absolute count rate for calcium in osmicated tissue is increased several-fold above that in freeze-dried tissue. Scanning electron microscopy of sputtered material shows the formation of cones during sputtering, which is particularly, but not exclusively, associated with melanin granules and red blood cells. These structures are known to be highly emissive for Na, K, and Ca. Boron implanted tissue also exhibits selective boron emission from melanin granules. Relative proportions of monoatomic and polyatomic emission vary in epoxy, gelatin and tissue. Ion images of carbon, chlorine and vanadium in tissue embedded with a vanadium-doped epoxy resin show variations in local regions that correspond to tissue structure. The energy distributions of common secondary ions differed somewhat in resin and two different tissue regions. These examples show the existence of potential matrix effects in soft biological tissue that involve both differential sputtering and ion yield effects.
在我们的研究过程中，我们进行了多项观察，结果表明在软生物组织和标准品中存在基质效应。明胶的溅射速率约为环氧树脂的两倍，但明胶中锂的离子产率比环氧树脂中的低一个数量级。对冻干材料进行锇浸渍会显著改变钙的定位，但不会改变钾和钡的定位。经锇处理的组织中钙的绝对计数率比冻干组织中的增加了几倍。对溅射材料进行扫描电子显微镜观察显示，溅射过程中会形成圆锥体，这尤其（但并非唯一）与黑色素颗粒和红细胞有关。已知这些结构对钠、钾和钙具有高发射性。硼植入组织也表现出黑色素颗粒的选择性硼发射。环氧树脂、明胶和组织中单核和多原子发射的相对比例各不相同。用掺钒环氧树脂包埋的组织中碳、氯和钒的离子图像显示，局部区域的变化与组织结构相对应。常见二次离子的能量分布在树脂和两个不同的组织区域中略有不同。这些例子表明，软生物组织中存在潜在的基质效应，涉及差异溅射和离子产率效应。
