Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical Schoolgrid.471406.0, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical Schoolgrid.471406.0, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2022 Jun 15;86(2):e0011021. doi: 10.1128/mmbr.00110-21. Epub 2022 Apr 20.
ArcAB, also known as the Arc system, is a member of the two-component system family of bacterial transcriptional regulators and is composed of sensor kinase ArcB and response regulator ArcA. In this review, we describe the structure and function of these proteins and assess the state of the literature regarding ArcAB as a sensor of oxygen consumption. The bacterial quinone pool is the primary modulator of ArcAB activity, but questions remain for how this regulation occurs. This review highlights the role of quinones and their oxidation state in activating and deactivating ArcB and compares competing models of the regulatory mechanism. The cellular processes linked to ArcAB regulation of central metabolic pathways and potential interactions of the Arc system with other regulatory systems are also reviewed. Recent evidence for the function of ArcAB under aerobic conditions is challenging the long-standing characterization of this system as strictly an anaerobic global regulator, and the support for additional ArcAB functionality in this context is explored. Lastly, ArcAB-controlled cellular processes with relevance to infection are assessed.
ArcAB，也被称为 Arc 系统，是细菌转录调控因子双组分系统家族的成员，由感应激酶 ArcB 和反应调节因子 ArcA 组成。在这篇综述中，我们描述了这些蛋白质的结构和功能，并评估了关于 ArcAB 作为氧消耗传感器的文献状况。细菌醌库是 ArcAB 活性的主要调节剂，但对于这种调节如何发生，仍存在一些问题。这篇综述强调了醌及其氧化状态在激活和失活 ArcB 中的作用，并比较了调节机制的竞争模型。还综述了与 ArcAB 调节中心代谢途径相关的细胞过程，以及 Arc 系统与其他调节系统的潜在相互作用。有氧条件下 ArcAB 功能的最新证据，对该系统作为严格的厌氧全局调节剂的长期特征提出了挑战，并且探讨了在这种情况下该系统具有额外功能的可能性。最后，评估了与感染相关的 ArcAB 控制的细胞过程。
