Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2022 Apr;26(7):2556-2568. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_202204_28492.
During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, emergency department utilization and hospitalization rates for allergic diseases declined and the severity of allergies among admitted patients was low. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of allergic diseases among adolescents and the changes in trend during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with those during the preceding 11 years.
We analyzed data from the nationwide web-based self-report Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey. From 2009 to 2020, adolescents aged 13-18 years participated in the survey. The survey period was divided into pre-pandemic Periods I (2009-2011), II (2012-2014), III (2015-2017), and IV (2018-2019) and the pandemic period (Period V, 2020). The current prevalence of asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, allergic morbidity (having at least one of the three conditions) and changes in the prevalence before and during the COVID-19 pandemic were analyzed.
Data of 787,043 participants were analyzed after weighting the study population (mean age, 15.1 years; males, 52.3%). The prevalence of asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and allergic morbidity was 2.1%, 18.4%, 6.8%, and 23.6%, respectively. The prevalence of allergic morbidity increased between Periods I and IV but declined significantly from Periods IV to V. From Periods I to IV, the prevalence of asthma decreased, the prevalence of allergic rhinitis increased, and the prevalence of atopic dermatitis remained unchanged. During Period V, the prevalence of all three conditions decreased.
It is necessary to update management measures and develop relevant policies in response to the altered prevalence of allergic diseases since the outbreak of COVID-19.
在 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行期间，急诊科就诊率和过敏疾病住院率下降，住院患者过敏严重程度较低。本研究旨在确定青少年中过敏疾病的患病率，并与 COVID-19 大流行前 11 年相比，确定 COVID-19 大流行期间的变化趋势。
我们分析了全国性网络自我报告韩国青少年风险行为调查的数据。2009 年至 2020 年，13-18 岁的青少年参加了这项调查。调查期间分为大流行前的 I 期（2009-2011 年）、II 期（2012-2014 年）、III 期（2015-2017 年）和 IV 期（2018-2019 年）和大流行期间（V 期，2020 年）。分析了哮喘、过敏性鼻炎、特应性皮炎、过敏发病率（至少有一种疾病）的当前患病率以及 COVID-19 大流行前后患病率的变化。
在对研究人群进行加权后（平均年龄为 15.1 岁；男性占 52.3%），对 787,043 名参与者的数据进行了分析。哮喘、过敏性鼻炎、特应性皮炎和过敏发病率的患病率分别为 2.1%、18.4%、6.8%和 23.6%。从 I 期到 IV 期，过敏发病率增加，但从 IV 期到 V 期显著下降。从 I 期到 IV 期，哮喘的患病率下降，过敏性鼻炎的患病率增加，特应性皮炎的患病率保持不变。在 V 期，所有三种疾病的患病率均下降。
自 COVID-19 爆发以来，有必要更新过敏疾病的管理措施并制定相关政策。
