E.A. Vargas was a T32 postdoctoral fellow, Cardiovascular Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, at the time of this study; ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8551-2432 .
L.M. Cortina is university diversity and social transformation professor, Department of Psychology and Department of Women's and Gender Studies, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Acad Med. 2022 Jul 1;97(7):1029-1037. doi: 10.1097/ACM.0000000000004711. Epub 2022 Jun 23.
To examine the incidence of, barriers to, and institutional responses to formal reporting of experiences of identity-based harassment at an academic medical center.
The authors invited 4,545 faculty and medical trainees at the University of Michigan Medical School to participate in a 2018 survey about civility and respect. This analysis focused on respondents who indicated experiencing at least 1 form of identity-based harassment (sexual harassment, gender policing harassment, heterosexist harassment, racialized sexual harassment) within the past year, perpetrated by staff, students, and faculty or by patients and patients' families. The authors assessed the incidence of formally reporting harassment to someone in authority, barriers to reporting, and institutional responses following reporting.
Among the 1,288 (28.3%) respondents with usable data, 83.9% (n = 1,080) indicated experiencing harassment. Of the harassed individuals, 10.7% (114/1,067), including 13.1% (79/603) of cisgender women and 7.5% (35/464) of cisgender men, indicated they formally reported their harassment experiences. Among these reporters, 84.6% (66/78) of cisgender women and 71.9% (23/32) of cisgender men indicated experiencing positive institutional remedies. Many reporters indicated experiencing institutional minimization (42.9% [33/77] of cisgender women; 53.1% [17/32] of cisgender men) or retaliation (21.8% [17/78] of cisgender women; 43.8% [14/32] of cisgender men). Cisgender men were significantly more likely to indicate experiencing specific negative institutional responses, such as being considered a troublemaker (OR 3.56, 95% CI: 1.33-9.55). Among respondents who did not formally report harassment experiences, cisgender women were significantly more likely to cite concerns about institutional retaliation, such as being given an unfair performance evaluation or grade (OR 1.90, 95% CI: 1.33-2.70).
Most respondents who experienced harassment did not formally report it to anyone in authority. Many reporters faced institutional minimization and retaliation. These findings suggest a need to reshape institutional harassment prevention and response systems in academic medicine.
调查在一所学术医学中心，基于身份的骚扰经历的正式报告发生率、障碍和机构反应。
作者邀请了密歇根大学医学院的 4545 名教职员工和医学实习生参加 2018 年关于礼貌和尊重的调查。本分析重点关注在过去一年中经历过至少 1 种基于身份的骚扰（性骚扰、性别监管骚扰、异性恋骚扰、种族化性骚扰）的受访者，骚扰者是工作人员、学生和教职员工或患者及其家属。作者评估了向权威人士正式报告骚扰的发生率、报告障碍以及报告后的机构反应。
在 1288 名（28.3%）具有可用数据的受访者中，83.9%（n=1080）表示经历过骚扰。在受到骚扰的人当中，10.7%（114/1067），包括 13.1%（79/603）的顺性别女性和 7.5%（35/464）的顺性别男性，报告说他们正式报告了他们的骚扰经历。在这些报告者中，84.6%（66/78）的顺性别女性和 71.9%（23/32）的顺性别男性表示经历了积极的机构补救措施。许多报告者表示经历了机构淡化（42.9%[33/77]的顺性别女性；53.1%[17/32]的顺性别男性）或报复（21.8%[17/78]的顺性别女性；43.8%[14/32]的顺性别男性）。顺性别男性更有可能表示经历了具体的负面机构反应，例如被视为麻烦制造者（比值比 3.56，95%置信区间：1.33-9.55）。在没有正式报告骚扰经历的受访者中，顺性别女性更有可能表示担心机构报复，例如获得不公平的绩效评估或成绩（比值比 1.90，95%置信区间：1.33-2.70）。
大多数经历过骚扰的受访者没有向任何权威人士正式报告。许多报告者面临机构淡化和报复。这些发现表明需要重塑学术医学中的机构骚扰预防和应对系统。
