医学院中的性骚扰：作为报告障碍的隐性报复的挑战。

Sexual Harassment in Medical Schools: The Challenge of Covert Retaliation as a Barrier to Reporting.

机构信息

R. Binder is professor of psychiatry and associate dean of academic affairs, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California. P. Garcia is professor of neurology and associate dean of academic affairs, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California. B. Johnson is director, Office of Academic Affairs, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California. E. Fuentes-Afflick is professor of pediatrics and vice dean of academic affairs, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California.

出版信息

Acad Med. 2018 Dec;93(12):1770-1773. doi: 10.1097/ACM.0000000000002302.

DOI:10.1097/ACM.0000000000002302

PMID:29794528

Abstract

Although Title IX, the federal law prohibiting sexual harassment in educational institutions, was enacted in 1972, sexual harassment continues to be distressingly common in medical training. In addition, many women who experience sexual harassment do not report their experiences to authorities within the medical school.In this article, the authors review the literature on the prevalence of sexual harassment in medical schools since Title IX was enacted and on the cultural and legal changes that have occurred during that period that have affected behaviors. These changes include decreased tolerance for harassing behavior; increased legal responsibility assigned to institutions; and a significant increase in the number of female medical students, residents, and faculty. The authors then discuss persisting barriers to reporting sexual harassment, including fears of reprisals and retaliation, especially covert retaliation. They define covert retaliation as vindictive comments made by a person accused of sexual harassment about his or her accuser in a confidential setting, such as a grant review, award selection, or search committee.The authors conclude by highlighting institutional and organizational approaches to decreasing sexual harassment and overt retaliation, and they propose other approaches to decreasing covert retaliation. These initiatives include encouraging senior faculty members to intervene and file bystander complaints when they witness inappropriate comments or behaviors as well as group reporting when multiple women are harassed by the same person.

摘要

尽管 1972 年颁布了《教育机构中禁止性骚扰的第九条规定》（TitleIX），但在医学培训中，性骚扰仍然令人深感困扰地普遍存在。此外，许多遭受性骚扰的女性并没有向医学院内的当局报告她们的经历。在本文中，作者回顾了自 TitleIX 颁布以来，有关医学院中性骚扰普遍存在的文献，以及在此期间发生的文化和法律变化，这些变化影响了行为。这些变化包括对骚扰行为的容忍度降低；机构承担的法律责任增加；以及女性医学生、住院医师和教师的数量显著增加。然后，作者讨论了报告性骚扰的持续障碍，包括对报复和报复的恐惧，特别是隐蔽报复的恐惧。他们将隐蔽报复定义为被指控性骚扰的人在秘密场合（例如拨款审查、奖项选择或搜索委员会）对其指控者发表的报复性评论。作者最后强调了减少性骚扰和公开报复的机构和组织方法，并提出了减少隐蔽报复的其他方法。这些举措包括鼓励资深教职员工在目睹不当言论或行为时进行干预并提出旁观者投诉，以及在多名女性受到同一人骚扰时进行集体报告。