[Analysis of factors associated with the structure of the gut microbial community in HIV/AIDS patients in some areas of Henan province].

To investigate the related factors associated with the structure of the gut microbial community in HIV infection/AIDS cases (HIV/AIDS) in Henan province. The convenience sampling method was used to select 122 cases who were receiving Antiviral Treatment (ART) or ART-naive in Henan. Whole blood and stool specimens were collected. Genomic DNA of stool samples was extracted, and the V3-V4 hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene were sequenced using Illumina NovaSeq 6000 high-throughput sequencing system. The analysis was performed mainly at the genus level, and the 30 genera with the highest abundance were selected as a measure of the gut microbial community structure. The correlation between community structure and related factors was analyzed using redundancy analysis and Envfit function. 122 cases were finally completed sequencing and analysis, the average BMI was (23.62±2.78) kg/m and the average age was (47±13) years. Among them, male accounted for 66.39% (81/122), and heterosexual transmission route constituted the largest ratio, accounting for 51.64% (63/122). 36 cases were treatment naive (29.51%, 36/122). The top five dominant genera of the total population (122 cases) were and and the top five dominant genera of the ART population (86 cases) were and The top five dominant genera of the ART-naive population (36 cases) appeared as and . In the total population, ART (<0.001) was the most significant factors of community structure. Other significant factors were: duration of diagnosis (=0.009), viral load (=0.022) and anti-HCV (=0.018). ART was positively correlated with and negatively correlated with , and , while the other three factors of duration of diagnosis, viral load and anti-HCV were positively correlated with , and and negatively correlated with . In the ART-naive population, duration of diagnosis (=0.003) were the factors significantly associated with community structure. Duration of diagnosis was positively correlated with , , and and negatively correlated with . ART and duration of diagnosis were factors significantly associated with gut microbial community structure and had a significant impact on multiple high-abundance genera.