Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
Pediatr Res. 2023 Jan;93(1):253-259. doi: 10.1038/s41390-022-02071-2. Epub 2022 Apr 20.
Studies have shown that infant temperament varies with maternal psychosocial factors, in utero illness, and environmental stressors. We predicted that the pandemic would shape infant temperament through maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy and/or maternal postnatal stress. To test this, we examined associations among infant temperament, maternal prenatal SARS-CoV-2 infection, maternal postnatal stress, and postnatal COVID-related life disruptions.
We tested 63 mother-infant dyads with prenatal maternal SARS-CoV-2 infections and a comparable group of 110 dyads without infections. To assess postnatal maternal stress, mothers completed the Perceived Stress Scale 4 months postpartum and an evaluation of COVID-related stress and life disruptions 6 months postpartum. Mothers reported on infant temperament when infants were 6-months-old using the Infant Behavior Questionnaire-Revised (IBQ-R) Very Short Form.
Maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy was not associated with infant temperament or maternal postnatal stress. Mothers with higher self-reported postnatal stress rated their infants lower on the Positive Affectivity/Surgency and Orienting/Regulation IBQ-R subscales. Mothers who reported greater COVID-related life disruptions rated their infants higher on the Negative Emotionality IBQ-R subscale.
Despite no effect of prenatal maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection, stress and life disruptions incurred by the COVID-19 pandemic were associated with infant temperament at 6-months.
SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy is not associated with postnatal ratings of COVID-related life disruptions, maternal stress, or infant temperament. Postnatal ratings of maternal stress during the COVID-19 pandemic are associated with normative variation in maternal report of infant temperament at 6 months of age. Higher postnatal ratings of maternal stress are associated with lower scores on infant Positive Affectivity/Surgency and Orienting/Regulation at 6 months of age. Higher postnatal ratings of COVID-related life disruptions are associated with higher scores on infant Negative Emotionality at 6 months of age.
研究表明，婴儿的气质随产妇的社会心理因素、宫内疾病和环境应激源而变化。我们预测，大流行将通过产妇在怀孕期间感染 SARS-CoV-2 和/或产妇产后压力对婴儿气质产生影响。为了检验这一点，我们检查了婴儿气质、产妇产前 SARS-CoV-2 感染、产妇产后压力以及产后与 COVID 相关的生活干扰之间的关联。
我们测试了 63 例有产前产妇 SARS-CoV-2 感染的母婴对子和 110 例无感染的母婴对子。为了评估产后产妇压力，母亲在产后 4 个月完成了感知压力量表，在产后 6 个月评估了与 COVID 相关的压力和生活干扰。母亲在婴儿 6 个月大时使用婴儿行为问卷修订版（IBQ-R）非常简短形式报告婴儿气质。
妊娠期间产妇 SARS-CoV-2 感染与婴儿气质或产妇产后压力无关。自我报告产后压力较高的母亲在婴儿 IBQ-R 积极情感/易激惹和定向/调节子量表上的评分较低。报告 COVID 相关生活干扰较大的母亲在婴儿 IBQ-R 负性情感子量表上的评分较高。
尽管产妇 SARS-CoV-2 感染没有影响，但 COVID-19 大流行期间的压力和生活干扰与婴儿 6 个月时的气质有关。
妊娠期间 SARS-CoV-2 感染与产后与 COVID 相关的生活干扰、产妇压力或婴儿气质的评定无关。COVID-19 大流行期间产后母亲压力的评定与 6 个月时母亲对婴儿气质的正常变化有关。产后压力评分较高与婴儿 6 个月时的积极情感/易激惹和定向/调节评分较低有关。产后与 COVID 相关的生活干扰评分较高与婴儿 6 个月时的负性情感评分较高有关。
