Rhoades Raina, Solomon Sarah, Johnson Christina, Teng Shaolei
Department of Biology, Howard University, Washington, DC, United States.
Front Microbiol. 2022 Apr 4;13:845559. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.845559. eCollection 2022.
COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is a systemic illness due to its multiorgan effects in patients. The disease has a detrimental impact on respiratory and cardiovascular systems. One early symptom of infection is anosmia or lack of smell; this implicates the involvement of the olfactory bulb in COVID-19 disease and provides a route into the central nervous system. However, little is known about how SARS-CoV-2 affects neurological or psychological symptoms. SARS-CoV-2 exploits host receptors that converge on pathways that impact psychological symptoms. This systemic review discusses the ways involved by coronavirus infection and their impact on mental health disorders. We begin by briefly introducing the history of coronaviruses, followed by an overview of the essential proteins to viral entry. Then, we discuss the downstream effects of viral entry on host proteins. Finally, we review the literature on host factors that are known to play critical roles in neuropsychiatric symptoms and mental diseases and discuss how COVID-19 could impact mental health globally. Our review details the host factors and pathways involved in the cellular mechanisms, such as systemic inflammation, that play a significant role in the development of neuropsychological symptoms stemming from COVID-19 infection.
由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）引起的2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）是一种全身性疾病，因为它会对患者产生多器官影响。该疾病对呼吸系统和心血管系统有不利影响。感染的一个早期症状是嗅觉丧失或嗅觉减退；这表明嗅球参与了COVID-19疾病，并为病毒进入中枢神经系统提供了一条途径。然而，关于SARS-CoV-2如何影响神经或心理症状，人们知之甚少。SARS-CoV-2利用宿主受体，这些受体汇聚在影响心理症状的通路上。本系统综述讨论了冠状病毒感染所涉及的方式及其对精神健康障碍的影响。我们首先简要介绍冠状病毒的历史，然后概述病毒进入所必需的蛋白质。接着，我们讨论病毒进入对宿主蛋白质的下游影响。最后，我们回顾了已知在神经精神症状和精神疾病中起关键作用的宿主因素的文献，并讨论了COVID-19如何在全球范围内影响心理健康。我们的综述详细介绍了细胞机制中涉及的宿主因素和途径，如全身炎症，这些因素在由COVID-19感染引起的神经心理症状的发展中起着重要作用。
