Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité - EA 7424, Villeurbanne, France.
Pôle France judo de Strasbourg et Centre Universitaire Européen de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
Eur J Sport Sci. 2023 May;23(5):676-683. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2022.2069511. Epub 2022 May 19.
The aim was to investigate the effects of sex, age, preferred judo technique, dominance, and injury history on the shoulder functional status of elite judo athletes. Sixty-one elite judo athletes (38 males, age: 18.1 ± 1.2 years, body mass: 69.3 ± 13.3 kg, body height: 172.2 ± 9.8 cm, brown belt to second-degree black belt) completed three questionnaires: Western Ontario Shoulder Instability, Western Ontario Rotator Cuff, and Shoulder Instability-Return to Sport after Injury. They performed four physical tests: the glenohumeral rotator isometric strength test, upper quarter Y-balance test, unilateral seated shot put test, and modified Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test. The results showed that the female athletes had less shoulder functional abilities than the male athletes ( < 0.001 to = 0.02). The younger athletes had poorer shoulder stability and upper extremity power than the older athletes ( < 0.001 to = 0.02), but their glenohumeral muscles were stronger in both internal ( = 0.03) and external ( = 0.005) rotations. All the judo athletes had similar bilateral differences in shoulder functional status, except for judokas who preferred throwing techniques ( = 0.01). Injury history affected self-perceived functional status ( < 0.001), as well as upper extremity muscle capacity and neuromuscular control ( = 0.01 to = 0.05). This study provides new insight into the shoulder functional status of elite judo athletes, which may aid in the development of sports-specific injury prevention and return-to-sport programmes to reduce the risk of shoulder injury occurrence and recurrence.Normalized levels of upper extremity abilities must be sex- and age-specific in prevention programmes.Prevention programmes may focus on muscle bilateral and anteroposterior symmetry.Prevention programmes may include psychological training tailored to the sex of judo athletes.
目的在于探究性别、年龄、惯用柔道技术、优势手和受伤史对精英柔道运动员肩部功能状态的影响。61 名精英柔道运动员（38 名男性，年龄：18.1±1.2 岁，体重：69.3±13.3kg，身高：172.2±9.8cm，棕带至二段黑带）完成了三个问卷调查：Western Ontario 肩不稳定问卷、Western Ontario 肩袖问卷和肩伤后重返运动问卷。他们进行了四项身体测试：盂肱关节等速肌力测试、上四分位 Y 平衡测试、单侧坐姿投球测试和改良的闭式运动链上肢稳定性测试。结果显示，女性运动员的肩部功能能力低于男性运动员（ < 0.001 至 = 0.02）。年轻运动员的肩部稳定性和上肢力量不如年长运动员（ < 0.001 至 = 0.02），但他们的盂肱关节内旋（ = 0.03）和外旋（ = 0.005）肌群力量更强。除了喜欢投掷技术的柔道运动员（ = 0.01）外，所有的柔道运动员在肩部功能状态上都有相似的双侧差异。受伤史影响自我感知的功能状态（ < 0.001），以及上肢肌肉能力和神经肌肉控制（ = 0.01 至 = 0.05）。本研究为精英柔道运动员的肩部功能状态提供了新的见解，这可能有助于制定特定于运动的损伤预防和重返运动方案，以降低肩部损伤的发生和再发风险。预防方案中的上肢能力水平必须针对性别和年龄进行特异性调整。预防方案可能需要注重肌肉的双侧和前后对称性。预防方案可能包括针对柔道运动员性别的心理训练。
