麦克默里堡野火发生五年后：低复原力的患病率及其相关因素
Five Years after the Fort McMurray Wildfire: Prevalence and Correlates of Low Resilience.
作者信息
Adu Medard Kofi, Eboreime Ejemai, Shalaby Reham, Sapara Adegboyega, Agyapong Belinda, Obuobi-Donkor Gloria, Mao Wanying, Owusu Ernest, Oluwasina Folajinmi, Pazderka Hannah, Agyapong Vincent I O
机构信息
Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada.
Global Psychological E-Health Foundation, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada.
出版信息
Behav Sci (Basel). 2022 Mar 30;12(4):96. doi: 10.3390/bs12040096.
BACKGROUND
The Fort McMurray wildfire of 3 May 2016 was one of the most devastating natural disasters in Canadian history. Although resilience plays a crucial role in the daily functioning of individuals by acting as a protective shield that lessens the impact of disasters on their mental well-being, to date little is known about the long-term impact of wildfires on resilience and associated predictors of low resilience.
OBJECTIVES
The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence and predictors of resilience among residents of Fort McMurray five years after the wildfires.
METHOD
This was a quantitative cross-sectional study. A self-administered online survey which included standardized rating scales for resilience (BRS), anxiety (GAD-7), depression (PHQ-9), and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)(PCL-C) was used to determine the prevalence of resilience as well as its demographic, clinical, and wildfire-related predictors. The data were collected between 24 April and 2 June 2021 and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25 using univariate analysis with a chi-squared test and binary logistic regression analysis.
RESULTS
A total of 186 residents completed the survey out of 249 who accessed the online survey, producing a response rate of 74.7%. Most of the respondents were females (85.5%, 159), above 40 years of age (81.6%, 80), employed (94.1%, 175), and in a relationship (71%, 132). Two variables-having had PTSD symptoms (OR = 2.85; 95% CI: 1.06-7.63), and age-were significant predictors of low resilience in our study. The prevalence of low resilience in our sample was 37.4%.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results suggest that age and the presence of PTSD symptoms were the independent significant risk factors associated with low resilience five years after the Fort McMurray wildfire disaster. Further research is needed to enhance understanding of the pathways to resilience post-disaster to identify the robust predictors and provide appropriate interventions to the most vulnerable individuals and communities.
背景
2016年5月3日麦克默里堡野火是加拿大历史上最具破坏性的自然灾害之一。尽管心理韧性在个体日常功能中起着关键作用，它犹如一个保护屏障，减轻灾难对其心理健康的影响，但迄今为止，对于野火对心理韧性的长期影响以及心理韧性低的相关预测因素知之甚少。
目的
本研究的目的是评估麦克默里堡野火发生五年后居民心理韧性的患病率及其预测因素。
方法
这是一项定量横断面研究。采用一份自填式在线调查问卷，其中包括心理韧性（BRS）、焦虑（GAD - 7）、抑郁（PHQ - 9）和创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）（PCL - C）的标准化评定量表，以确定心理韧性的患病率及其人口统计学、临床和与野火相关的预测因素。数据于2021年4月24日至6月2日收集，并使用社会科学统计软件包（SPSS）25版进行分析，采用单因素分析、卡方检验和二元逻辑回归分析。
结果
在249名访问在线调查问卷的居民中，共有186名居民完成了调查，回复率为74.7%。大多数受访者为女性（85.5%，159人），年龄在40岁以上（81.6%，80人），有工作（94.1%，175人），处于恋爱关系中（71%，132人）。在我们的研究中，有两个变量——曾有创伤后应激障碍症状（OR = 2.85；95%CI：1.06 - 7.63）和年龄——是心理韧性低的显著预测因素。我们样本中心理韧性低的患病率为37.4%。
结论
我们的研究结果表明，年龄和创伤后应激障碍症状的存在是麦克默里堡野火灾难发生五年后与心理韧性低相关的独立显著风险因素。需要进一步研究以加深对灾后心理韧性途径的理解，从而确定有力的预测因素，并为最脆弱的个人和社区提供适当干预措施。
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