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过去1.3亿年间似食蚜蝇幼虫的多样性

The Diversity of Aphidlion-like Larvae over the Last 130 Million Years.

作者信息

Haug Joachim T, Linhart Simon, Haug Gideon T, Gröhn Carsten, Hoffeins Christel, Hoffeins Hans-Werner, Müller Patrick, Weiterschan Thomas, Wunderlich Jörg, Haug Carolin

机构信息

Faculty of Biology, Biocenter, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU Munich), Großhaderner Str. 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.

GeoBio-Center at LMU, Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, 80333 Munich, Germany.

出版信息

Insects. 2022 Mar 30;13(4):336. doi: 10.3390/insects13040336.

DOI:10.3390/insects13040336
PMID:35447779
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9030806/
Abstract

Aphidlions are larvae of certain lacewings (Neuroptera), and more precisely larvae of the groups Chrysopidae, green lacewings, and Hemerobiidae, brown lacewings. The name 'aphidlion' originates from their ecological function as specialised predators of aphids. Accordingly, they also play an economic role as biological pest control. Aphidlions have, mostly, elongated spindle-shaped bodies, and similarly to most lacewing larvae they are equipped with a pair of venom-injecting stylets. Fossils interpreted as aphidlions are known to be preserved in amber from the Cretaceous (130 and 100 million years ago), the Eocene (about 35 million years ago) and the Miocene (about 15 million years ago) ages. In this study, new aphidlion-like larvae are reported from Cretaceous amber from Myanmar (about 100 million years old) and Eocene Baltic amber. The shapes of head and stylets were compared between the different time slices. With the newly described fossils and specimens from the literature, a total of 361 specimens could be included in the analysis: 70 specimens from the Cretaceous, 5 from the Eocene, 3 from the Miocene, 188 extant larvae of Chrysopidae, and 95 extant larvae of Hemerobiidae. The results indicate that the diversity of head shapes remains largely unchanged over time, yet there is a certain increase in the diversity of head shapes in the larvae of Hemerobiidae. In certain other groups of Neuroptera, a distinct decrease in the diversity of head shapes in larval stages was observed.

摘要

蚜狮是某些草蛉（脉翅目）的幼虫，更确切地说是草蛉科（绿草蛉）和褐蛉科（褐草蛉）的幼虫。“蚜狮”这个名字源于它们作为蚜虫专门捕食者的生态功能。因此，它们作为生物害虫防治也发挥着经济作用。蚜狮大多具有细长的纺锤形身体，与大多数草蛉幼虫一样，它们配备有一对能注射毒液的口针。已知被解释为蚜狮的化石保存在白垩纪（1.3亿至1亿年前）、始新世（约3500万年前）和中新世（约1500万年前）的琥珀中。在这项研究中，报道了来自缅甸白垩纪琥珀（约1亿年历史）和始新世波罗的海琥珀中的新的类似蚜狮的幼虫。对不同时间切片的头部和口针形状进行了比较。结合新描述的化石和文献中的标本，总共361个标本可纳入分析：70个来自白垩纪，5个来自始新世，3个来自中新世，188个草蛉科现存幼虫，以及95个褐蛉科现存幼虫。结果表明，头部形状的多样性随时间变化基本保持不变，但褐蛉科幼虫的头部形状多样性有一定增加。在脉翅目的某些其他类群中，观察到幼虫阶段头部形状的多样性明显减少。

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New extreme morphologies as exemplified by 100 million-year-old lacewing larvae.
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