Kavallieratos Nickolas G, Nika Erifili P, Skourti Anna, Filintas Constantin S, Goumenou Theofania D
Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Str., 11855 Athens, Attica, Greece.
Insects. 2022 Apr 8;13(4):366. doi: 10.3390/insects13040366.
The lesser mealworm, (Panzer) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) is an important stored-product pest for the poultry industry as it is a vector of dangerous pathogens for humans. In the present study, we evaluated the short- and long-term mortalities of small and large larvae of when they were exposed to concrete-covered Petri dishes treated with etofenprox, deltamethrin, and the combination of piperonyl butoxide+acetamiprid+d-tetramethrin. Small and large larvae were exposed to each insecticide applied on concrete surfaces with or without food. The short-term mortality was recorded after 1 day, 3 days, 5 days, and 7 days, while the long-term mortality was recorded 7 days after the transport of the larvae alive to pesticide-free concrete-covered dishes. Regarding short-term mortality levels, 97.8% and 80.0% of the small and large larvae, that were exposed to etofenprox without food, died after 7 days of exposure, respectively. Concerning deltamethrin, all tested small larvae were killed after 3 days (without food) and 5 days (with food) of exposure. For large larvae, deltamethrin caused 98.9% (with food) and 100.0% (without food) mortality levels after 5 days of exposure. The combination of piperonyl butoxide+acetamiprid+d-tetramethrin caused high mortality levels to small larvae, i.e., 84.4% and 100.0% on dishes with and without food, respectively, but low to moderate mortality levels to large larvae that did not exceed 67.8% after 7 days of exposure. Long-term mortality varied vastly among the tested insecticides. Etofenprox killed 100.0% of the small larvae on concrete without food, but 24.0% of the large larvae exposed to concrete containing food. Deltamethrin did not provide long-term mortality to large larvae when food was present. Piperonyl butoxide+acetamiprid+d-tetramethrin caused mortality rates that overall varied from 33.5% (large larvae on concrete with food) to 85.0% (small larvae on concrete with food). In conclusion, deltamethrin killed almost all exposed larvae at exposures of ≤5 days, regardless of their size and the presence of food on the concrete.
小黄粉虫（Panzer）（鞘翅目：拟步甲科）是家禽业一种重要的仓储害虫，因为它是人类危险病原体的传播媒介。在本研究中，我们评估了小黄粉虫大小幼虫暴露于用醚菊酯、溴氰菊酯以及增效醚+啶虫脒+右旋反式氯菊酯组合处理的带混凝土盖的培养皿时的短期和长期死亡率。大小幼虫暴露于涂覆在有或无食物的混凝土表面上的每种杀虫剂。在1天、3天、5天和7天后记录短期死亡率，而长期死亡率在将存活幼虫转移到无农药的带混凝土盖的培养皿7天后记录。关于短期死亡率水平，暴露于无食物的醚菊酯的大小幼虫，分别在暴露7天后有97.8%和80.0%死亡。对于溴氰菊酯，所有受试小幼虫在暴露3天（无食物）和5天（有食物）后被杀死。对于大幼虫，溴氰菊酯在暴露5天后导致死亡率水平为98.9%（有食物）和100.0%（无食物）。增效醚+啶虫脒+右旋反式氯菊酯对小幼虫导致高死亡率水平，即在有食物和无食物的培养皿上分别为84.4%和100.0%，但对大幼虫的死亡率水平低至中等，暴露7天后不超过67.8%。长期死亡率在受试杀虫剂之间差异很大。醚菊酯杀死了无食物混凝土上100.0%的小幼虫，但暴露于含食物混凝土的大幼虫中有24.0%死亡。当有食物时，溴氰菊酯对大幼虫未产生长期死亡率。增效醚+啶虫脒+右旋反式氯菊酯导致的死亡率总体上从33.5%（有食物混凝土上的大幼虫）到85.0%（有食物混凝土上的小幼虫）不等。总之，溴氰菊酯在暴露≤5天时杀死了几乎所有暴露的幼虫，无论其大小以及混凝土上是否有食物。
