Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain.
Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain.
Curr Oncol. 2022 Mar 30;29(4):2442-2453. doi: 10.3390/curroncol29040198.
Pancreatic cancer will be positioned by the year 2030 as the second cause of oncological death after lung cancer. The pathophysiology of the most common variety, which involves the adenocarcinoma of the pancreas, represents one of the main challenges for current oncology to explain its tumorigenesis and create a targeted treatment. The tumor microenvironment, metastatic capacity, and lack of early diagnosis lead patients to present advanced stages at the time of diagnosis. Despite numerous efforts, little progress has been made in clinical outcomes and with respect to the improved survival of these patients. For this reason, in recent years, numerous diagnostic tests, treatments, and possible approaches in the fields of radiotherapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and surgery have been developed to find a combination of methods that improves life expectancy in patients diagnosed with this disease. On the other hand, the scientific community has made numerous advances in the molecular bases of pancreatic cancer since several oncogenetic pathways have been described and the markers expressed by the tumor have proven to be useful in the prognosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. These molecular alterations allow the study of possible therapeutic targets that improve the prognosis of these patients, but even numerous tumor cell-individual interactions must be explained to understand the underlying pathophysiology causing the high mortality. Therefore, the purpose of our study is to examine the expression of markers such as EGFR, Cyclin D1, andCDK4 in order to find a relationship with the possible long-term prognostic factors of patients affected by pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Our results show that there is a prognostic role for ErbB2, EGFR, beta catenin, cyclin D1, and CDK4. Of these, we highlight the clinical importance of ErbB2 in the survival rates of patients who overexpress this component.
到 2030 年,胰腺癌将成为继肺癌之后的第二大癌症死亡原因。最常见的胰腺癌涉及腺癌,其病理生理学是当前肿瘤学解释其肿瘤发生并创建靶向治疗的主要挑战之一。肿瘤微环境、转移能力以及缺乏早期诊断导致患者在诊断时已经处于晚期阶段。尽管付出了诸多努力,但在临床结果和这些患者的生存率提高方面几乎没有取得进展。出于这个原因,近年来,在放射治疗、化学疗法、免疫疗法和手术等领域已经开发出了许多诊断测试、治疗方法和可能的方法,以寻找改善患有这种疾病的患者预期寿命的方法组合。另一方面,自描述了几种致癌基因途径以来,科学界在胰腺癌的分子基础方面取得了许多进展,并且肿瘤表达的标志物已被证明对胰腺腺癌的预后有用。这些分子改变允许研究可能的治疗靶点,以改善这些患者的预后,但即使要解释许多肿瘤细胞个体相互作用,也必须解释其潜在的病理生理学,从而导致高死亡率。因此,我们的研究目的是检查 EGFR、Cyclin D1 和 CDK4 等标志物的表达,以寻找与受胰腺导管腺癌影响的患者的可能长期预后因素之间的关系。我们的结果表明,ErbB2、EGFR、β连环蛋白、cyclin D1 和 CDK4 具有预后作用。在这些标志物中,我们强调了 ErbB2 在过度表达该成分的患者的生存率中的临床重要性。