Mustafa Mohd, Abbas Kashif, Alam Mudassir, Habib Safia, Hasan Gulam Mustafa, Islam Sidra, Shamsi Anas, Hassan Imtaiyaz
Department of Biochemistry, J.N. Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India.
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India.
Front Oncol. 2024 Jul 17;14:1427802. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1427802. eCollection 2024.
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma, a clinically challenging malignancy constitutes a significant contributor to cancer-related mortality, characterized by an inherently poor prognosis. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of pancreatic adenocarcinoma by examining its multifaceted etiologies, including genetic mutations and environmental factors. The review explains the complex molecular mechanisms underlying its pathogenesis and summarizes current therapeutic strategies, including surgery, chemotherapy, and emerging modalities such as immunotherapy. Critical molecular pathways driving pancreatic cancer development, including KRAS, Notch, and Hedgehog, are discussed. Current therapeutic strategies, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation, are discussed, with an emphasis on their limitations, particularly in terms of postoperative relapse. Promising research areas, including liquid biopsies, personalized medicine, and gene editing, are explored, demonstrating the significant potential for enhancing diagnosis and treatment. While immunotherapy presents promising prospects, it faces challenges related to immune evasion mechanisms. Emerging research directions, encompassing liquid biopsies, personalized medicine, CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, and computational intelligence applications, hold promise for refining diagnostic approaches and therapeutic interventions. By integrating insights from genetic, molecular, and clinical research, innovative strategies that improve patient outcomes can be developed. Ongoing research in these emerging fields holds significant promise for advancing the diagnosis and treatment of this formidable malignancy.
胰腺腺癌是一种临床上具有挑战性的恶性肿瘤，是癌症相关死亡率的重要促成因素，其预后天生较差。本综述旨在通过研究其多方面的病因，包括基因突变和环境因素，全面了解胰腺腺癌。该综述解释了其发病机制背后的复杂分子机制，并总结了当前的治疗策略，包括手术、化疗以及免疫疗法等新兴治疗方式。讨论了驱动胰腺癌发展的关键分子途径，包括KRAS、Notch和Hedgehog。讨论了当前的治疗策略，包括手术、化疗和放疗，并强调了它们的局限性，特别是在术后复发方面。探索了包括液体活检、个性化医疗和基因编辑在内的有前景的研究领域，显示出在增强诊断和治疗方面的巨大潜力。虽然免疫疗法前景广阔，但它面临着与免疫逃逸机制相关的挑战。涵盖液体活检、个性化医疗、CRISPR/Cas9基因组编辑和计算智能应用的新兴研究方向，有望改进诊断方法和治疗干预措施。通过整合遗传、分子和临床研究的见解，可以制定出改善患者预后的创新策略。这些新兴领域正在进行的研究对于推进这种可怕恶性肿瘤的诊断和治疗具有重大前景。
