Silva Sónia, Dias Maria Celeste, Silva Artur M S
Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry of the Network of Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Campus Universitário de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal.
Toxics. 2022 Mar 31;10(4):172. doi: 10.3390/toxics10040172.
Abiotic stresses, such as those induced by climatic factors or contaminants, and biotic stresses prompted by phytopathogens and pests inflict tremendous losses in agriculture and are major threats to worldwide food security. In addition, climate changes will exacerbate these factors as well as their negative impact on crops. Drought, salinity, heavy metals, pesticides, and drugs are major environmental problems that need deep attention, and effective and sustainable strategies to mitigate their effects on the environment need to be developed. Besides, sustainable solutions for agrocontrol must be developed as alternatives to conventional agrochemicals. In this sense, nanotechnology offers promising solutions to mitigate environmental stress effects on plants, increasing plant tolerance to the stressor, for the remediation of environmental contaminants, and to protect plants against pathogens. In this review, nano-sized TiO (nTiO) and ZnO (nZnO) are scrutinized, and their potential to ameliorate drought, salinity, and xenobiotics effects in plants are emphasized, in addition to their antimicrobial potential for plant disease management. Understanding the level of stress alleviation in plants by these nanomaterials (NM) and relating them with the application conditions/methods is imperative to define the most sustainable and effective approaches to be adopted. Although broad-spectrum reviews exist, this article provides focused information on nTiO and nZnO for improving our understanding of the ameliorative potential that these NM show, addressing the gaps in the literature.
非生物胁迫，如气候因素或污染物引起的胁迫，以及植物病原体和害虫引发的生物胁迫，给农业造成了巨大损失，是全球粮食安全的重大威胁。此外，气候变化将加剧这些因素及其对作物的负面影响。干旱、盐碱化、重金属、农药和药物是需要高度关注的主要环境问题，需要制定有效且可持续的策略来减轻它们对环境的影响。此外，必须开发可持续的农业防治解决方案，以替代传统的农用化学品。从这个意义上说，纳米技术为减轻环境胁迫对植物的影响、提高植物对胁迫源的耐受性、修复环境污染物以及保护植物免受病原体侵害提供了有前景的解决方案。在这篇综述中，对纳米尺寸的二氧化钛（nTiO）和氧化锌（nZnO）进行了详细审查，强调了它们减轻植物干旱、盐碱化和异生素影响的潜力，以及它们在植物病害管理方面的抗菌潜力。了解这些纳米材料（NM）对植物胁迫缓解的程度，并将它们与应用条件/方法联系起来，对于确定要采用的最可持续和有效的方法至关重要。尽管存在广泛的综述，但本文提供了关于nTiO和nZnO的重点信息，以增进我们对这些NM所显示的改善潜力的理解，填补文献中的空白。
