Fonseca Paula Luize Camargos, Skaltsas Demetra, da Silva Felipe Ferreira, Kato Rodrigo Bentes, de Castro Giovanni Marques, García Glen Jasper Yupanqui, Quintanilha-Peixoto Gabriel, Mendes-Pereira Thairine, do Carmo Anderson Oliveira, Aguiar Eric Roberto Guimarães Rocha, de Carvalho Daniel Santana, Costa-Rezende Diogo Henrique, Drechsler-Santos Elisandro Ricardo, Badotti Fernanda, Ferreira-Silva Alice, Oliveira Guilherme, Chaverri Priscila, Vaz Aline Bruna Martins, Góes-Neto Aristóteles
Molecular and Computational Biology of Fungi Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil.
School of Science, Technology, Engineering, & Math, Dine' College, Tsaile, AZ 86556, USA.
J Fungi (Basel). 2022 Apr 6;8(4):373. doi: 10.3390/jof8040373.
The rubber tree, , is a neotropical Amazonian species. Despite its high economic value and fungi associated with native individuals, in its original area in Brazil, it has been scarcely investigated and only using culture-dependent methods. Herein, we integrated in silico approaches with novel field/experimental approaches and a case study of shotgun metagenomics and small RNA metatranscriptomics of an adult individual. Scientific literature, host fungus, and DNA databases are biased to fungal taxa, and are mainly related to rubber tree diseases and in non-native ecosystems. Metabarcoding retrieved specific phyllospheric core fungal communities of all individuals, adults, plantlets, and leaves of the same plant, unravelling hierarchical structured core mycobiomes. Basidiomycotan yeast-like fungi that display the potential to produce antifungal compounds and a complex of non-invasive ectophytic parasites (Sooty Blotch and Flyspeck fungi) co-occurred in all samples, encompassing the strictest core mycobiome. The case study of the same adult tree (previously studied using culture-dependent approach) analyzed by amplicon, shotgun metagenomics, and small RNA transcriptomics revealed a high relative abundance of insect parasite-pathogens, anaerobic fungi and a high expression of (a fungal genus long reported as dominant in healthy wild rubber trees), respectively. Altogether, our study unravels new and intriguing information/hypotheses of the foliar mycobiome of native , which may also occur in other native Amazonian trees.
橡胶树，是一种新热带亚马逊物种。尽管其具有很高的经济价值且与原生个体相关的真菌众多，但在其原产于巴西的地区，人们对其研究甚少，且仅采用依赖培养的方法。在此，我们将计算机方法与新颖的田间/实验方法相结合，并对一棵成年橡胶树进行了鸟枪法宏基因组学和小RNA宏转录组学的案例研究。科学文献、寄主真菌和DNA数据库偏向于真菌分类群，且主要与橡胶树疾病以及非原生生态系统有关。代谢条形码分析揭示了所有个体、成年树、幼苗以及同一植株叶片的特定叶际核心真菌群落，从而揭示了分层结构的核心真菌群落。在所有样本中共同出现了具有产生抗真菌化合物潜力的担子菌酵母样真菌以及一种非侵入性外生寄生复合体（煤污病和蝇粪病真菌），它们构成了最严格的核心真菌群落。对同一棵成年树（之前采用依赖培养的方法进行研究）进行扩增子、鸟枪法宏基因组学和小RNA转录组学分析的案例研究分别显示，昆虫寄生病原体、厌氧真菌的相对丰度较高，以及（一个长期以来被报道在健康野生橡胶树中占主导地位的真菌属）的高表达。总之，我们的研究揭示了原生橡胶树叶际真菌群落的新的有趣信息/假设，这些信息/假设可能也存在于其他亚马逊原生树木中。
