Cerebral Blood Flow and Oxygen Delivery in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Relation to Neurointensive Care Targets.

BACKGROUND

The primary aim was to determine to what extent continuously monitored neurointensive care unit (neuro-ICU) targets predict cerebral blood flow (CBF) and delivery of oxygen (CDO) after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. The secondary aim was to determine whether CBF and CDO were associated with clinical outcome.

METHODS

In this observational study, patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage treated at the neuro-ICU in Uppsala, Sweden, from 2012 to 2020 with at least one xenon-enhanced computed tomography (Xe-CT) obtained within the first 14 days post ictus were included. CBF was measured with the Xe-CT and CDO was calculated based on CBF and arterial oxygen content. Regional cerebral hypoperfusion was defined as CBF < 20 mL/100 g/min, and poor CDO was defined as CDO < 3.8 mL O/100 g/min. Neuro-ICU variables including intracranial pressure (ICP), pressure reactivity index, cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP), optimal CPP, and body temperature were assessed in association with the Xe-CT. The acute phase was divided into early phase (day 1-3) and vasospasm phase (day 4-14).

RESULTS

Of 148 patients, 27 had underwent a Xe-CT only in the early phase, 74 only in the vasospasm phase, and 47 patients in both phases. The patients exhibited cerebral hypoperfusion and poor CDO for medians of 15% and 30%, respectively, of the cortical brain areas in each patient. In multiple regressions, higher body temperature was associated with higher CBF and CDO in the early phase. In a similar regression for the vasospasm phase, younger age and longer pulse transit time (lower peripheral resistance) correlated with higher CBF and CDO, whereas lower hematocrit only correlated with higher CBF but not with CDO. ICP, CPP, and pressure reactivity index exhibited no independent association with CBF and CDO. R of these regressions were below 0.3. Lower CBF and CDO in the early phase correlated with poor outcome, but this only held true for CDO in multiple regressions.

CONCLUSIONS

Systemic and cerebral physiological variables exhibited a modest association with CBF and CDO. Still, cerebral hypoperfusion and low CDO were common and low CDO was associated with poor outcome. Xe-CT imaging could be useful to help detect secondary brain injury not evident by high ICP and low CPP.