Rodríguez Luisina, López Andrés, Moyna Guillermo, Seoane Gustavo A, Davyt Danilo, Vázquez Álvaro, Hernández Gonzalo, Carrera Ignacio
Laboratorio de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de la República, Avenue General Flores 2124, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay.
Laboratorio de Síntesis Orgánica, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de la República, Avenue General Flores 2124, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay.
ACS Omega. 2022 Apr 1;7(14):12307-12317. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00795. eCollection 2022 Apr 12.
Ayahuasca is a psychedelic beverage originally from the Amazon rainforest used in different shamanic settings for medicinal, spiritual, and cultural purposes. It is prepared by boiling in water an admixture of the Amazonian vine , which is a source of β-carboline alkaloids, with plants containing -dimethyltryptamine, usually . While previous studies have focused on the detection and quantification of the alkaloids present in the drink, less attention has been given to other nonalkaloid components or the composition of the solids suspended in the beverage, which may also affect its psychoactive properties. In this study, we used nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to study the composition of ayahuasca samples, to determine their alkaloid qualitative and quantitative profiles, as well as other major soluble and nonsoluble components. For the first time, fructose was detected as a major component of the samples, while harmine (a β-carboline previously described as an abundant alkaloid in ayahuasca) was found to be present in the solids suspended in the beverage. In addition, -dimethyltryptamine (DMT), harmine, tetrahydroharmine, harmaline, and harmol were identified as the major alkaloids present in extracts of all samples. Finally, a novel, easy, and fast method using quantitative NMR was developed and validated to simultaneously quantify the content of these alkaloids found in each ayahuasca sample.
阿亚瓦斯卡是一种原产于亚马逊雨林的迷幻饮料，在不同的萨满仪式中用于医疗、精神和文化目的。它是通过将亚马逊藤蔓（β-咔啉生物碱的来源）与通常含有N,N-二甲基色胺的植物混合后在水中煮沸制成的。虽然先前的研究集中在检测和量化饮料中存在的生物碱，但对其他非生物碱成分或悬浮在饮料中的固体成分关注较少，而这些成分也可能影响其精神活性。在本研究中，我们使用核磁共振（NMR）和液相色谱-质谱/质谱联用（LC-MS/MS）来研究阿亚瓦斯卡样品的成分，确定其生物碱的定性和定量特征，以及其他主要的可溶性和不溶性成分。首次检测到果糖是样品的主要成分，而在悬浮于饮料中的固体中发现了 harmine（一种先前被描述为阿亚瓦斯卡中丰富生物碱的β-咔啉）。此外，N,N-二甲基色胺（DMT）、harmine、四氢harmine、harmaline和harmol被鉴定为所有样品提取物中存在的主要生物碱。最后，开发并验证了一种使用定量NMR的新颖、简便、快速的方法，以同时量化每个阿亚瓦斯卡样品中这些生物碱的含量。
