Kummrow Fábio, Maselli Bianca S, Lanaro Rafael, Costa José Luis, Umbuzeiro Gisela A, Linardi Alessandra
Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo (Unifesp), Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil.
Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil.
Environ Mol Mutagen. 2019 Apr;60(3):269-276. doi: 10.1002/em.22263. Epub 2018 Nov 29.
Ayahuasca is a beverage used in religious rituals of indigenous and nonindigenous groups, and its therapeutic potential has been investigated. Ayahuasca is obtained by decoction of the Banisteriopsis caapi that contains β-carbolines (harmine, harmaline, and tetrahydroharmine) plus Psychotria viridis that contains N,N-dimethyltryptamine. Although plants used in folk medicine are recognized as safe, many of them have genotoxic potential. The Salmonella/microsome assay is usually the first line of the mutagenicity evaluation of products intended for therapeutic use. Our objective was to evaluate the mutagenicity of ayahuasca beverage and their constituents using the Salmonella/microsome assay with TA98 and TA100. We analyzed two ayahuasca samples, and also beverage samples prepared each individual plant P. viridis and B. caapi. Harmine and harmaline were also tested. All beverage samples were chemically characterized and both ayahuasca samples could be considered representative of the beverages consumed in religious rituals. Both ayahuasca samples were mutagenic for TA98 and TA100 with and without S9, with similar potencies. The beverage obtained from P. viridis was not mutagenic, and beverage obtained from B. caapi was mutagenic for TA98 with and without S9. Harmine was nonmutagenic and harmaline was mutagenic only for TA98 without S9. Harmaline fully explain the mutagenicity observed with TA98 without S9 of both ayahuasca samples and the B. caapi beverage samples. We conclude that the ayahuasca samples are mutagenic and this effect is partially explained by harmaline, one of the β-carbolines present in the beverage. Other mutagenic compounds seem to be present and need to be further investigated. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 60:269-276, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
阿亚瓦斯卡是一种用于本土和非本土群体宗教仪式的饮品，其治疗潜力已得到研究。阿亚瓦斯卡是通过煎煮含有β-咔啉（哈尔明、哈尔马灵和四氢哈尔明）的卡皮藤属植物以及含有N,N-二甲基色胺的绿心叶九节而获得的。尽管民间医学中使用的植物被认为是安全的，但其中许多具有遗传毒性潜力。沙门氏菌/微粒体试验通常是用于治疗用途产品致突变性评估的第一道防线。我们的目的是使用TA98和TA100沙门氏菌/微粒体试验评估阿亚瓦斯卡饮品及其成分的致突变性。我们分析了两个阿亚瓦斯卡样本，以及分别用绿心叶九节和卡皮藤属植物制备的饮品样本。还对哈尔明和哈尔马灵进行了测试。所有饮品样本都进行了化学表征，两个阿亚瓦斯卡样本都可被视为宗教仪式中饮用的饮品的代表。两个阿亚瓦斯卡样本在有和没有S9的情况下对TA98和TA100都具有致突变性，效力相似。从绿心叶九节获得的饮品没有致突变性，从卡皮藤属植物获得的饮品在有和没有S9的情况下对TA98都具有致突变性。哈尔明没有致突变性，哈尔马灵仅在没有S9的情况下对TA98具有致突变性。哈尔马灵完全解释了两个阿亚瓦斯卡样本以及卡皮藤属植物饮品样本在没有S9时对TA98观察到的致突变性。我们得出结论，阿亚瓦斯卡样本具有致突变性，这种效应部分由饮品中存在的β-咔啉之一哈尔马灵解释。似乎还存在其他致突变化合物，需要进一步研究。《环境与分子突变》60:269 - 276, 2019。© 2018威利期刊公司
