Department of Chemistry and Physics (Analytical Chemistry Area), Research Centre for Mediterranean Intensive Agrosystems and Agri-Food Biotechnology (CIAIMBITAL), Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, University of Almería, Almería, Spain.
J Sci Food Agric. 2022 Oct;102(13):5995-6004. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.11952. Epub 2022 May 6.
Plant protection products (PPPs) are used extensively in agriculture to control crops. These PPPs, which may be found in different types of formulations, are composed of a designated pesticide (active principle) and other inactive ingredients as co-formulants. They perform specific functions in the formulation, as solvents, preservatives or antifreeze agents, among others.
A research technique based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled to a Quadrupole-Orbitrap mass analyzer was successfully applied to characterize the composition of six different PPPs in terms of the presence of co-formulants and types of formulations: emulsifiable concentrate (EC), emulsion in water (EW), suspension concentrate and water-dispersible granule. These PPPs (FLINT MAX, MASSOCUR 12.5 EC, IMPACT EVO, TOPAS, LATINO and IMPALA STAR) had antifungal activity, containing one triazole compound as active principle (tebuconazole, penconazole, myclobutanil, flutriafol or fenbuconazole, respectively). Non-targeted approaches, applying suspect and unknown analysis, were carried out and ten compounds were identified as potential co-formulants. Six (glyceryl monostearate, 1-monopalmitin, dimethyl sulfoxide, N,N-dimethyldecanamide, hexaethylene glycol and 1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one) were confirmed by injecting analytical standards. Finally, these compounds were quantified in the PPPs.
The current study allowed for detecting co-formulants in a wide range of concentrations, between 0.04 (dimethyl sulfoxide) and 19.00 g L (glyceryl monostearate), highlighting the feasibility of the proposed analytical methodology. Moreover, notable differences among the types of formulations of PPPs were achieved, revealing that EC and EW were the formulations that contained the largest number of co-formulants (four out of six detected compounds). © 2022 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
植物保护产品（PPPs）广泛用于农业以控制作物。这些 PPPs 可能存在于不同类型的制剂中，由指定的农药（有效成分）和其他作为共溶剂的非活性成分组成。它们在制剂中具有特定的功能，例如溶剂、防腐剂或防冻剂等。
成功应用了一种基于超高效液相色谱（UHPLC）与四极杆轨道阱质谱联用的研究技术，根据共溶剂和制剂类型，对六种不同 PPPs 的组成进行了表征：乳油（EC）、水乳剂（EW）、悬浮剂和水分散粒剂。这些 PPPs（FLINT MAX、MASSOCUR 12.5 EC、IMPACT EVO、TOPAS、LATINO 和 IMPALA STAR）具有抗真菌活性，含有一种三唑化合物作为有效成分（戊唑醇、丙环唑、咪鲜胺、氟环唑或苯醚甲环唑）。应用可疑和未知分析的非靶向方法，鉴定了十种潜在的共溶剂。其中六种（单硬脂酸甘油酯、1-单棕榈酸甘油酯、二甲基亚砜、N,N-二甲基癸酰胺、六亚乙基二醇和 1,2-苯并异噻唑-3（2H）-酮）通过注入分析标准品得到确认。最后，在 PPPs 中对这些化合物进行了定量。
本研究能够检测到浓度范围很宽的共溶剂，从 0.04（二甲基亚砜）到 19.00 g·L（单硬脂酸甘油酯），突出了所提出的分析方法的可行性。此外，还实现了 PPPs 制剂类型之间的显著差异，表明 EC 和 EW 是含有最多共溶剂的制剂（在所检测的六种化合物中，有四种）。© 2022 作者。《食品科学杂志》由 John Wiley & Sons Ltd 与化学工业协会联合出版。
