Pulmonary delivery of a recombinant RAGE antagonist peptide derived from high-mobility group box-1 in a bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis animal model.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an interstitial lung disease characterised by irreversible fibrosis and destruction of the alveolar structure. Receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) has been identified as one of the key molecules involved in IPF pathogenesis. A RAGE-antagonist peptide (RAP) was developed based on the RAGE-binding domain of high mobility group box-1 (HMGB-1). Anti-IPF effects of RAP were evaluated in a bleomycin-induced mouse model of IPF. Bleomycin was administered intratracheally, and then RAP was administrated twice by intratracheal instillation, 1 and 3 d after bleomycin challenge. Seven days after the bleomycin challenge, the mice were sacrificed and the lungs were harvested. The results showed that pulmonary hydroxyproline was reduced in mice administered RAP compared with the control group. Tumour growth factor-β (TGF-β), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and collagen were also reduced by RAP administration in a dose-dependent manner. Longer-term effects of RAP were investigated in mice challenged with bleomycin. RAP was administered intratracheally every 7 d for 28 d, after which lung samples were harvested and analysed. The results showed that hydroxyproline, TGF-β, α-SMA and collagen were reduced by repeated RAP administration. Taken together, the results suggest that RAP is useful for treatment of IPF.