Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Aug 15;834:155333. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155333. Epub 2022 Apr 19.
Micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) are present in almost all environmental compartments. Terrestrial soils are major environmental reservoirs for MNPs, but the ecotoxicological effects of MNPs on terrestrial biota remain relatively understudied. In this review, we collated findings of previous research on the uptake and impact of MNPs in terrestrial organisms, including flora, fauna, and human beings. Terrestrial plants can take up MNPs via the roots or leaves and translocate them to other parts. MNPs have been detected in the gastrointestinal tracts or feces of many terrestrial animals, including some high trophic-level predators, indicating the incidence of direct ingestion or trophic transfer of MNPs. The presence of MNPs in food items and human feces combines to verify human intake of MNPs via the dietary pathway. Exposure to MNPs can cause diverse effects on terrestrial organisms, including alterations in growth performance, oxidative stress, metabolic disturbance, cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and mortality. The biological internalization and impact of MNPs are influenced by the physicochemical properties of MNPs (e.g., particle size, polymer type, surface chemistry, and exposure concentrations) and the physiology of the species. MNPs can also affect the bioavailability of co-occurring intrinsic or extrinsic contaminants to terrestrial biota, but their specific role is under dispute. Finally, we underlined the current research gaps and proposed several priorities for future studies.
微塑料和纳米塑料（MNPs）几乎存在于所有环境介质中。陆地土壤是 MNPs 的主要环境储库，但 MNPs 对陆地生物群的生态毒理学影响仍相对研究不足。在这篇综述中，我们整理了先前关于 MNPs 在陆地生物（包括植物、动物和人类）中的吸收和影响的研究结果。陆地植物可以通过根部或叶子吸收 MNPs，并将其转移到其他部位。许多陆地动物的胃肠道或粪便中都检测到了 MNPs，包括一些高营养级的捕食者，这表明 MNPs 存在直接摄入或通过食物链转移的情况。MNPs 在食物和人类粪便中的存在结合起来证实了人类通过饮食途径摄入 MNPs。暴露于 MNPs 会对陆地生物造成多种影响，包括生长性能改变、氧化应激、代谢紊乱、细胞毒性、遗传毒性和死亡率增加。MNPs 的生物内化和影响受 MNPs 的物理化学性质（例如粒径、聚合物类型、表面化学和暴露浓度）和物种生理学的影响。MNPs 还可以影响共存的内在或外在污染物对陆地生物群的生物可利用性，但它们的具体作用存在争议。最后，我们强调了当前的研究差距，并为未来的研究提出了几个优先事项。
