Sarkar Binoy, Dissanayake Pavani Dulanja, Bolan Nanthi S, Dar Jaffer Yousuf, Kumar Manish, Haque Md Niamul, Mukhopadhyay Raj, Ramanayaka Sammani, Biswas Jayanta Kumar, Tsang Daniel C W, Rinklebe Jörg, Ok Yong Sik
Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK.
Korea Biochar Research Center, APRU Sustainable Waste Management Program & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea; Soils and Plant Nutrition Division, Coconut Research Institute, Lunuwila 61150, Sri Lanka.
Environ Res. 2022 May 1;207:112179. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112179. Epub 2021 Oct 5.
The accumulation of microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems has raised concerns because of their adverse effects on ecosystem functions and human health. Plastic waste management has become a universal problem in recent years. Hence, sustainable plastic waste management techniques are vital for achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Although many reviews have focused on the occurrence and impact of micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs), there has been limited focus on the management of MNPs. This review first summarizes the ecotoxicological impacts of plastic waste sources and issues related to the sustainable management of MNPs in the environment. This paper then critically evaluates possible approaches for incorporating plastics into the circular economy in order to cope with the problem of plastics. Pollution associated with MNPs can be tackled through source reduction, incorporation of plastics into the circular economy, and suitable waste management. Appropriate infrastructure development, waste valorization, and economically sound plastic waste management techniques and viable alternatives are essential for reducing MNPs in the environment. Policymakers must pay more attention to this critical issue and implement appropriate environmental regulations to achieve environmental sustainability.
微塑料（MPs）和纳米塑料（NPs）在陆地和水生生态系统中的积累引发了人们的担忧，因为它们会对生态系统功能和人类健康产生不利影响。近年来，塑料垃圾管理已成为一个全球性问题。因此，可持续的塑料垃圾管理技术对于实现联合国可持续发展目标至关重要。尽管许多综述聚焦于微塑料和纳米塑料（MNPs）的存在及影响，但对MNPs管理的关注却很有限。本综述首先总结了塑料垃圾来源的生态毒理学影响以及与环境中MNPs可持续管理相关的问题。本文接着批判性地评估了将塑料纳入循环经济以应对塑料问题的可能方法。与MNPs相关的污染可通过源头减量、将塑料纳入循环经济以及适当的废物管理来解决。适当的基础设施建设、废物增值以及经济上合理的塑料垃圾管理技术和可行的替代方案对于减少环境中的MNPs至关重要。政策制定者必须更加关注这一关键问题，并实施适当的环境法规以实现环境可持续性。
