Stephan Holger, Hagedorn Thorsten, Wehmeier Udo Frank, Tomschi Fabian, Hilberg Thomas
Department of Sports Medicine, University of Wuppertal, Moritzstraße 14, 42117 Wuppertal, Germany.
Biology (Basel). 2022 Apr 14;11(4):593. doi: 10.3390/biology11040593.
Electromyostimulation has been shown to intensify exercise when superimposed on cycling. However, little is known about the application during running, which might help to prevent injuries linked to high running volumes, as intensification of running allows for a reduction in training volume. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to examine the effects of electromyostimulation superimposed on running. Men who were no younger than 18 and no older than 35 were eligible for inclusion in the study. Exclusion criteria were previous experience with electromyostimulation training, the presence of a contraindication according to the manufacturer, or a contraindication to physical activity. A sample of 22 healthy males with an ordinary performance capability accomplished three similar cardiopulmonary treadmill tests until exhaustion in a crossover study design that included lactate measurements and interrogations of perceived exertion. The first test was conducted without electromyostimulation and was followed in a randomized order by the second and the third test condition with 30 or 85 Hz stimulation, respectively, of the lower body. Superimposed electromyostimulation significantly reduced the maximal achieved velocity (control 15.6 ± 1.1 vs. 30 Hz 15.1 ± 1.2, p = 0.002; vs. 85 Hz 14.9 ± 1.1 km/h, p < 0.001), increased the perceived exertion at 10, 12 and 14 km/h (85 Hz + 0.7, p = 0.036; +0.9, p = 0.007; +1.3, p < 0.001; 30 Hz + 0.7, p = 0.025; +1.0, p = 0.002; +1.2, p < 0.001), and induced a significantly higher oxygen uptake at 8 km/h (85 Hz + 1.1, p = 0.006; 30 Hz + 0.9 mL·min−1·kg−1, p = 0.042), 10 km/h (30 Hz + 0.9 mL·min−1·kg−1, p = 0.032), and 14 km/h (85 Hz + 1.0 mL·min−1·kg−1, p = 0.011). Both electromyostimulation conditions significantly limited the maximal lactate level (30 Hz p = 0.046; 85 Hz p < 0.001) and 85 Hz also the recovery lactate level (p < 0.001). Superimposed electromyostimulation is feasible and intensifies running. Coaches and athletes could benefit from the increased training stimulus by reducing running velocity or volume, by combining endurance and strength training, and also by inducing better adaptations while maintaining the same velocity or volume. Therefore, electromyostimulation superimposed on running could be an interesting training tool for runners.
肌电刺激叠加在骑行运动上时，已被证明可增强运动效果。然而，对于其在跑步运动中的应用却知之甚少，而跑步时使用肌电刺激可能有助于预防与高运动量相关的损伤，因为增强跑步强度可减少训练量。因此，本研究的目的是考察肌电刺激叠加在跑步运动上的效果。年龄不小于18岁且不大于35岁的男性符合纳入本研究的条件。排除标准为既往有肌电刺激训练经验、存在制造商规定的禁忌证或存在身体活动禁忌证。在一项交叉研究设计中，22名具有普通运动能力的健康男性完成了三项相似的心肺跑步机测试，直至力竭，测试包括乳酸测量和主观用力程度询问。第一次测试在无肌电刺激的情况下进行，随后按照随机顺序进行第二次和第三次测试，分别对下半身施加30Hz或85Hz的刺激。叠加肌电刺激显著降低了最大运动速度（对照组15.6±1.1 vs. 30Hz组15.1±1.2，p = 0.002；vs. 85Hz组14.9±1.1km/h，p < 0.001），增加了在10、12和14km/h时的主观用力程度（85Hz组分别增加0.7，p = 0.036；增加0.9，p = 0.007；增加1.3，p < 0.001；30Hz组分别增加0.7，p = 0.025；增加1.0，p = 0.002；增加1.2，p < 0.001），并在8km/h（85Hz组增加1.1，p = 0.006；30Hz组增加0.9mL·min−1·kg−1，p = 0.042）、10km/h（30Hz组增加0.9mL·min−1·kg−1，p = 0.032）和14km/h（85Hz组增加1.0mL·min−1·kg−1，p = 0.011）时诱导出显著更高的摄氧量。两种肌电刺激条件均显著限制了最大乳酸水平（30Hz组p = 0.046；85Hz组p < 0.001），85Hz组还显著降低了恢复乳酸水平（p < 0.001）。叠加肌电刺激是可行的，且能增强跑步强度。教练和运动员可以通过降低跑步速度或运动量、将耐力训练和力量训练相结合，以及在保持相同速度或运动量的同时诱导更好的适应性，从而从增加的训练刺激中受益。因此，叠加在跑步运动上的肌电刺激可能是跑步者一个有趣的训练工具。
