Colloidal Processing of Complex-Shaped ZrB-Based Ultra-High-Temperature Ceramics: Progress and Prospects.

Ultra-high-temperature ceramics (UHTCs), such as ZrB-based ceramics, are the most promising candidates for ultra-high-temperature applications. Due to their strong covalent bonding and low self-diffusion, ZrB-based UHTCs are always hot-pressed at temperatures above 1800 °C. However, the hot-pressing technique typically produces disks or cylindrical objects limiting to relatively simple geometrical and moderate sizes. Fabrication of complex-shaped ZrB-based UHTC components requires colloidal techniques. This study reviews the suspension dispersion and colloidal processing of ZrB-based UHTCs. The most important issues during the colloidal processing of ZrB-based UHTCs are summarized, and an evaluation of colloidal processing methods of the ZrB-based UHTCs is provided. Gel-casting, a net or near-net colloidal processing technique, is believed to exhibit a great potential for the large-scale industrialization of ZrB-based UHTCs. In addition, additive manufacturing, also known as 3D printing, which has been drawing great attention recently, has a great potential in the manufacturing of ZrB-based UHTC components in the future.