Mayoral-Peña Kalaumari, González Peña Omar Israel, Orrantia Clark Alexia María, Flores-Vallejo Rosario Del Carmen, Oza Goldie, Sharma Ashutosh, De Donato Marcos
School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Queretaro, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Av. Epigmenio González No. 500, San Pablo, Queretaro 76130, Mexico.
School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Monterrey, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada Sur No. 2501, Tecnológico, Monterrey 64849, Mexico.
Cancers (Basel). 2022 Apr 7;14(8):1867. doi: 10.3390/cancers14081867.
Cancer is the second cause of mortality worldwide. Early diagnosis of this multifactorial disease is challenging, especially in populations with limited access to healthcare services. A vast repertoire of cancer biomarkers has been studied to facilitate early diagnosis; particularly, the use of antibodies against these biomarkers has been of interest to detect them through biorecognition. However, there are certain limitations to this approach. Emerging biorecognition engineering technologies are alternative methods to generate molecules and molecule-based scaffolds with similar properties to those presented by antibodies. Molecularly imprinted polymers, recombinant antibodies, and antibody mimetic molecules are three novel technologies commonly used in scientific studies. This review aimed to present the fundamentals of these technologies and address questions about how they are implemented for cancer detection in recent scientific studies. A systematic analysis of the scientific peer-reviewed literature regarding the use of these technologies on cancer detection was carried out starting from the year 2000 up to 2021 to answer these questions. In total, 131 scientific articles indexed in the Web of Science from the last three years were included in this analysis. The results showed that antibody mimetic molecules technology was the biorecognition technology with the highest number of reports. The most studied cancer types were: multiple, breast, leukemia, colorectal, and lung. Electrochemical and optical detection methods were the most frequently used. Finally, the most analyzed biomarkers and cancer entities in the studies were carcinoembryonic antigen, MCF-7 cells, and exosomes. These technologies are emerging tools with adequate performance for developing biosensors useful in cancer detection, which can be used to improve cancer diagnosis in developing countries.
癌症是全球第二大致死原因。对这种多因素疾病进行早期诊断具有挑战性，尤其是在获得医疗服务有限的人群中。为了促进早期诊断，人们对大量癌症生物标志物进行了研究；特别是，针对这些生物标志物使用抗体通过生物识别来检测它们引起了人们的兴趣。然而，这种方法存在一定的局限性。新兴的生物识别工程技术是生成具有与抗体相似性质的分子和基于分子的支架的替代方法。分子印迹聚合物、重组抗体和抗体模拟分子是科学研究中常用的三种新技术。本综述旨在介绍这些技术的基本原理，并回答有关它们在最近的科学研究中如何用于癌症检测的问题。从2000年到2021年，对关于这些技术在癌症检测中的应用的科学同行评审文献进行了系统分析，以回答这些问题。本分析共纳入了过去三年在科学引文索引中索引的131篇科学文章。结果表明，抗体模拟分子技术是报告数量最多的生物识别技术。研究最多的癌症类型是：多发性、乳腺癌、白血病、结直肠癌和肺癌。电化学和光学检测方法是最常用的。最后，研究中分析最多的生物标志物和癌症实体是癌胚抗原、MCF-7细胞和外泌体。这些技术是新兴工具，在开发用于癌症检测的生物传感器方面具有足够的性能，可用于改善发展中国家的癌症诊断。
